应用投加粉末活性炭的膜生物反应器处理生活污水的研究

应用向间歇曝气的膜生物反应器内投加粉末活性炭的新工艺，进行了处理模拟生活污水的研究，将此研究结果与未投加粉末活性炭时的研究结果相比较，表明该工艺不仅可以取得更优的出水水质，而且可以从根本上减少膜阻力，维持高膜通量。     

污水处理后的应用研究

理化分析表明 ,溶剂生产后排放的污水 ,经厌氧—好氧二级生化处理具有一定的肥效 ,经进一步改良 ,可用作灌溉用水和无土栽培的营养液     

稀土在土壤-植物系统中的分馏效应及影响因素

以稀土背景较高的红壤为供试土壤,采用小麦盆栽实验,研究了稀土元素在土壤～小麦系统中的分馏模式,考察了外源稀土浓度、腐殖酸浓度和土壤酸度对稀土分馏模式的影响.结果发现,红壤中稀土的分馏模式与我国土壤的稀土分馏模式基本一致,为向右倾斜的轻稀土富集模式.小麦根部的稀土分布模式与土壤类似,小麦茎叶中稀土分布模式则有所不同.加入外源稀土后,小麦根部的稀土分馏模式随土壤中稀土丰度的改变而改变,而小麦茎叶中的稀土分馏模式却保持相对稳定,说明小麦地下部分与小麦地上部分对稀土的吸收方式存在差异.腐殖酸对稀土在土壤-小麦系统中的分馏效应影响不大土壤酸度对稀土在土壤-小麦系统中的分馏效应有一定的影响,在所试验条件下,观察到小麦中稀土元素的分馏系数随pH值降低而降低,高pH值(pH＝6.7)使稀土在小麦中的分馏系数加大.     

基于逸度方法的辽东湾海水-沉积物中多环芳烃扩散行为

为研究辽东湾PAHs（多环芳烃）在海水-沉积物之间的扩散行为,于2014年5月对辽东湾14个采样点海水和沉积物中的16种PAHs进行了调查研究,并采用逸度方法、变异系数、响应系数等统计和计算方法对研究结果进行分析.结果表明:辽东湾海水中ρ（∑PAHs）和沉积物中w（PAHs）的平均变异系数分别为0.25和0.39,属于中等变异,高分子量PAHs的变异系数高于低分子量PAHs;利用ff（逸度分数）评估PAHs在海水-沉积物间的扩散行为,Nap（萘）、Acp（苊）和Fl（芴）表现出从沉积物向海水释放,沉积物是二次释放源;Ace（二氢苊）、Phe（菲）、An（蒽）、Flu（荧蒽）、Pyr（芘）、BaA（苯并[a]蒽）、Chr（?）在海水-沉积物之间接近平衡状态,5环和6环PAHs则表现出从海水向沉积物沉降富集,沉积物是汇;有机碳和碳黑是影响PAHs在沉积物和海水之间扩散的重要参数.研究显示,7种潜在致癌PAHs[BaA、Chr、BbF（苯并[b]荧蒽）、BkF（苯并[k]荧蒽）、BaP（苯并[a]芘）、InP（茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘）和DbA（二苯并[a,h]蒽）]海水-沉积物之间的扩散行为可能受到陆源排污和海上石油开发活动的影响.      

北方深水河流岸边带底栖动物采集方法比较研究

深水河流底栖动物的采集比较复杂,采集结果与客观实际往往存在较大的差异,通过2012年-2015年对黑龙江、松花江和乌苏里江等11个断面15个点位的调查、监测,取得81组有效数据,利用统计学方法总结、研究,发现同一采样点不同方法之间的物种数、群落组成和评价结果均存在显著的差异,建议深水河流在应用底栖动物开展水生态评价时,应结合采样点的实际情况,尽量采用多种方法进行底栖动物的采集,合并统计的数据更能准确的代表采集点位的客观情况,是客观、准确评价水生态环境状况的前提.     

Development and validation of abiotic ligand model for nickel toxicity to wheat (Triticum aestivum)

A terrestrial biotic ligand model (t-BLM) was developed to predict nickel toxicity to wheat (Triticum aestivum) root elongation in hydroponic solutions. The competitive effects of five major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ and H⁺) on Ni toxicity were investigated and Mg²⁺ was found to be a strong competitor, while H²⁺ showed less competing effect. Besides free Ni²⁺, the toxicity induced by the species NiHCO₃⁺ was non-neglect able at pH > 7 because NiHCO₃⁺ occupied a significant fraction of total Ni under such condition. Thus, a t-BLM including Ni²⁺, NiHCO₃⁺, Mg²⁺, and H⁺ could successfully predict the nickel toxicity to wheat root elongation and it performed better prediction than the conventional free ion activity model. In addition, the model was examined with two sets of independent experiments, which contained multiple cations and low-molecular-weight organic acids to mimic the rhizo-sphere condition. The developed t-BLM well predicted nickel toxicity in both experiments since it can account in both complexation and competition effects, suggesting its potential to be used in a complicated matrix like soil solution. This study provides direct evidence that the t-BLM is a reliable method for the risk assessment of nickel in terrestrial system.     

人工湿地技术在污水净化中的应用研究

研究人工湿地技术在污水净化中的去除机理,分别对人工湿地技术对污水中的悬浮物、有机物、脱氮、除磷和重金属去除机理进行了分析和阐述;从提高茶园水库库区全年除污总效果的角度,给出了人工湿地植物的栽种选择和搭配,重点研究人工湿地在低温季节对库区污水的净化效果和不同湿地植物针对不同污染物的净化效果存在显著差异性,在人工湿地技术的实际应用中,要根据当地的条件,有针对性地种植湿地植物或合理配置湿地植物,为人工湿地在茶园水库库区的推广提供了技术指导。     

人工湿地技术的除污效果分析研究

人工湿地技术对城市污水的除污作用十分强大,因此对人工湿地技术的除污效果进行详细分析。酸模和美人蕉湿地体系的TN平均的去除率均在60%以上,在TN去除率方面,酸模要比美人蕉明显;随着时间的增长,酸模对NH+4-N的去除效果,要优于美人蕉对NH+4-N的去除效果;美人蕉对TP平均去除率大概是87%,酸模对TP平均去除率大概是77%,对于TP的去除,美人蕉要优于酸模;酸模对COD平均去除率大概为60%,美人蕉对COD平均去除率大概为54%,可见,两种植物湿地针对COD的去除效果一般。     

Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and biosensing for glucose based on DNA/chitosan film

Glucose oxidase (GOD) is widely used in the glucose biosensor industry. The amperometric biosensors based on directly electron transfer (DET) between an electrode and immobilized GOD are especially promising. In this article, GOD was immobilized with a DNA/chitosan bio-material film on GC electrode, and the DET of GOD on DNA/chitosan was studied. The cyclic voltammetric results indicated that the GOD immobilized in the DNA/chitosan film underwent DET reaction, and the cyclic voltammogram displayed a pair of well-defined redox peaks with a formal potential of ?0.45 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at pH 5.5. The response showed a surface-controlled electrode process with an electron transfer rate constant of 0.91 sec^?1 determined in the scan rate range from 10 to 100 mV/sec. The GOD immobilized in DNA/chitosan membrane retained its biocatalytic activity and stability. The immobilized GOD could electrocatalyze the reduction of dissolved oxygen and resulted in a great increase of the reduction peak current. Upon the addition of glucose, the reduction peak current decreased, which could be used for glucose detection with a sensitivity of 0.48 μA/(mmol/L), a linear range from 0.04 to 2.28 mmol/L and a detection limit of 0.04 mmol/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The sensor could exclude the interference of commonly coexisted uricacid and ascorbic acid.     

流动注射催化光度分析法的研究进展

综述了近年来流动注射催化光度分析法的研究进展，包括环境水样中金属离子、阴离子、有机物等污染物的测定，展望了流动注射催化光度分析法未来的研究方向和发展前景。