潜水服的特点及发展趋势

潜水服是指完全沉入水里、并在压力环境中进行活动的潜水人员所穿的衣服，它是潜水装具的重要组成部分。潜水服除了能够防御水下生物等对潜水员的伤害外，最主要的是保护潜水员在高水压、低水温环境中不受寒冷的影响，即预防体热丧失，维持正常的人体生理学温度，以便进行安全有效的水下作业。     

河东污水处理厂污泥中Cd和Pb形态分析

以乌鲁木齐市河东污水处理厂5月污泥作为研究,采用A.Tessier的重金属多级连续提取法分析污泥中镉和铅的含量和不同形态,研究污泥中重金属的生物有效性。结果表明:污泥中铅和镉都以残渣存在的比例最高,但是生物有效态和潜在有效态之和所占的比例相对也比较高,且都在50%以上。因此对生物具有较强可利用性,且农用时具有一定的风险。     

A comparative study and evaluation of sulfamethoxazole adsorption onto organo-montmorillonites

Three organo-montmorillonites were prepared using surfactants, and their adsorption behaviors toward sulfamethoxazole（SMX） were investigated. The surfactants used were cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTMAB）, 3-（N,N-dimethylhexadecylammonio） propane sulfonate（HDAPS） and 1,3-bis（hexadecyldimethylammonio）-propane dibromide（BHDAP）. The properties of the organo-montmorillonites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2adsorption–desorption isotherm measurements. Results showed that the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite was increased and the surface area as well as the morphology were changed. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the surfactant loading amount had a great effect on the adsorption of SMX. The adsorption process was p H dependent and the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at p H 3 for HDAPS-Mt, while CTMAB-Mt and BHDAP-Mt showed a high removal efficiency at 3–11. The adsorption capacity increased with the initial SMX concentration and contact time but decreased with increasing solution ionic strength.Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo second-order model. Equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir model, and the Freundlich constant（n） indicated a favorable adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of SMX was 235.29 mg/g for CTMAB-Mt, 155.28 mg/g for HDAPS-Mt and 242.72 mg/g for BHDAP-Mt. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated to evaluate the spontaneity and endothermic or exothermic nature. The adsorption mechanism was found to be dominated by electrostatic interaction,while hydrophobic interaction played a secondary role.     

Chemical characteristics of size-resolved aerosols in winter in Beijing

Size-resolved aerosols were continuously collected by a Nano Sampler for 13 days at an urban site in Beijing during winter 2012 to measure the chemical composition of ambient aerosol particles. Data collected by the Nano Sampler and an ACSM(Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor) were compared. Between the data sets,similar trends and strong correlations were observed,demonstrating the validity of the Nano Sampler. PM10 and PM2.5concentrations during the measurement were 150.5 ± 96.0 μg/m3(mean ± standard variation)and 106.9 ± 71.6 μg/m3,respectively. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.70 ± 0.10,indicating that PM2.5dominated PM10. The aerosol size distributions showed that three size bins of 0.5–1,1–2.5 and 2.5–10 μm contributed 21.8%,23.3% and 26.0% to the total mass concentration(TMC),respectively. OM(organic matter) and SIA(secondary ionic aerosol,mainly SO42-,NO3-and NH4+) were major components of PM2.5. Secondary compounds(SIA and secondary organic carbon) accounted for half of TMC(about 49.8%) in PM2.5,and suggested that secondary aerosols significantly contributed to the serious particulate matter pollution observed in winter. Coal burning,biomass combustion,vehicle emissions and SIA were found to be the main sources of PM2.5. Mass concentrations of water-soluble ions and undetected materials,as well as their fractions in TMC,strikingly increased with deteriorating particle pollution conditions,while OM and EC(elemental carbon) exhibited different variations,with mass concentrations slightly increasing but fractions in TMC decreasing.     

水中BOD_5快速测定方法研究

生化需氧量是评价水体受有机物污染的相对耗氧指标。此生物氧化全过程进行的时间长,如在20℃培养时,完成此过程需100多天。BOD5标准测定方法采用稀释接种培养法,缺点是测定周期太长(需5天),不能及时反映水质指标,因此人们一直在研究BOD的快速测定方法。文章从BOD的特点研究BOD2和BOD5的关系,摸索了一种BOD5的快速测定方法;根据菲尔甫斯定律,找出了BOD2与BOD5的相关关系,通过BOD2与BOD5的拟合,建立相关方程,推导出BOD5速测公式,根据BOD2的值能够快速测定BOD5的值,缩短了分析周期,符合环境管理的要求。本方法较严密,省时,可供大家研讨。     

饮用水在线监测及预警研究

饮用水是人类生存的基本需求之一,其安全是影响人民生命健康和社会经济可持续发展的重要因素.在取水、制水、输配水和贮水各个环节对饮用水水质的卫生指标进行实时动态监测及预警,可有效预防因为自然灾害、人为事故、犯罪引起的用水安全事故的发生.文章概述了水质在线监测系统在从水源到用户的全流程的应用,并对饮用水在线监测与预警各种关键技术的应用予以简单的介绍.     

如何确保实验室质量监督的有效实施研究

环境监测实验室涉及的监测项目广,监测的过程比较复杂,而且有些过程是难以追溯的,充分有效的质量监督能够加强对监测全过程进行控制,文章简要分析了环境监测活动中质量监督存在的问题、难以有效开展的原因,并从加强管理层的重视、质量监督员的素质及培养、质量监督计划的编制、质量监督的关键环节控制等方面详细论述了如何确保质量监督的有效开展,及时采取纠正或预防措施从而促进环境监测技术水平提高与质量管理体系的持续改进。     

旋转接头在MBR反应器改良中的应用研究

随着MBR反应器在国内污水处理行业中的不断应用,其重要性进一步得到了业界的认可。但是,如何消减运行过程中的膜污染问题,成为制约MBR推广和应用的重要因素。文章通过实验,将旋转接头应用在MBR反应器的改良中,重点研究通过旋转接头实现膜组件的旋转运行模式对膜污染的抑制效果。     

添加剂F127对CPVC超滤膜性能的影响研究

文章探讨了添加剂F127的质量百分含量(5%、7%、10%和13%)对CPVC超滤膜微观结构及其性能(包括水通量、截留率、机械性能、亲水性和耐污染性能)的影响.结果表明:随着F127含量的增加,铸膜液剪切粘度增加,截留率上升,亲水性和耐污染性能大幅度提高,纯水通量和机械性能有所下降.综合比较添加剂F127含量为10%时,CPVC超滤膜性能较好.     

兴化市大气环境现状及防治对策研究

兴化市的大气环境面临着十分严峻的形势.在分析兴化市大气环境现状的基础上,总结出兴化市大气主要污染物的种类,它们主要是细颗粒物、可吸入颗粒物、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、臭氧、二氧化硫;这些大气污染源主要包括能源消耗、工业废气、机动车尾气、生活及农业废气,这些废气对环境带来了严重的干扰,并且有针对性的提出了控制大气污染的对策建议.具体措施包括优化能源结构、整治污染源、治理机动车和扬尘污染、加强秸秆禁烧工作,达到防治与综合利用的并举.