维生素B12发酵废液治理技术

筛选了一株能较好利用维生素B12发酵废液并能得到单细胞菌体蛋白(SCP)的菌株。通过正交试验研究该菌株，得到其利用废液的最佳发酵条件。研究结果表明，使用该菌株能大大降低发酵废液的化学需氧量(COD)，COD去除率达到90％以上，有效减少或消除废液对环境的污染。     

清洁生产审计在井下生产作业中的应用

长庆石油勘探局于2003年在多个生产作业领域开展了清洁生产审核试点工作,文中对井下作业试油A队的清洁生产审计工作进行了分析和阐述。通过清洁生产审计,摸清了试油A队的生产、能耗、产污和排污现状,得出了9个可行的非投资、低费方案和2个中、高费方案,并全部实施。该项工作使全队员工的清洁生产意识明显提高,生产环境进一步改观,达到了审计的目标,取得的两项技术专利有一定的推广价值。对于持续的清洁生产审计,将在以后的的工作中继续进行试点,以不断完善清洁生产审计制度及相应的标准。     

Degradation and mineralization of cellulose acetate in simulated thermophilic compost environments

Residual cellulose acetate (CA) films with initial degree of substitution (DS) values of 1.7 and 2.5 (CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5) were recovered from a simulated thermophilic compost exposure and characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine changes in polymer molecular weight and DS and to study microbial colonization and surface morphology, respectively. During the aerobic degradation of CA DS-1.7 and CA DS-2.5 films exposed for 7 and 18 days, respectively, the number-average molecular weight (M _n) of residual polymer decreased by 30.4% on day 5 and 20.3% on day 16, respectively. Furthermore, a decrease in the degree of substitution from 1.69 to 1.27 (4-day exposure) and from 2.51 to 2.18 (12-day exposure) was observed for the respective CA samples. In contrast, CA films (DS-1.7 and DS-2.5) which were exposed to abiotic control vessels for identical time periods showed no significant changes inM _n and DS. SEM photographs of CA (DS-1.7 and DS-2.5) film surfaces after compost exposures revealed severe erosion and corresponding microbial colonization. Similar exposure times for CA films in abiotic control vessels resulted in only minor changes in surface characteristics by SEM observations. The conversion of CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5 to CO₂ was monitored by respirometry. In these studies, powdered CA was placed in a predigested compost matrix which was maintained at 53°C and 60% moisture content throughout the incubation period. A lag phase of 10- and 25-day duration for CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5, respectively, was observed, after which the rate of degradation increased rapidly. Mineralization of exposed CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5 powders reported as the percentage theoretical CO₂ recovered reached 72.4 and 77.6% in 24 and 60 days, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that microbial degradation of CA films exposed to aerobic thermophilic laboratory-scale compost reactors not only results in film weight loss but also causes severe film pitting and a corresponding decrease in chainM _n and degree of substitution for the residual material. Furthermore, conversions to greater than 70% of the theoretical recovered CO₂ for CA (DS 1.7 and 2.5) substrates indicate high degrees of CA mineralization.Guest Editor: Dr. Graham Swift, Rohm & Haas.     

金沙江中游地区山茶属植物资源及其应用前景

金沙江中游地区山茶属植物资源非常丰富，种类２５种１变种，多度、频度都较大、所产种子富含油脂，油质好、无污染，是理想的食用油和工业用油，精提的山茶油是极好的护肤、护发用品，并发现了很有价值的优良育种材料，如开白花的四倍体山茶。     

连体防护服样板结构的优化研究

防护服的结构和尺寸直接影响穿着者的舒适性及安全性。本研究是在现场观察的基础上，模拟作业人员的动作，对工作服的穿着状态进行了评价；并通过对服装样板的结构和尺寸进行分析，提出了修改方案，制作了新的样板及工作服。试穿结果表明，改进后的服装结构和尺寸更加合理，穿着舒适性也有所改善。本文的研究结果对合理设计防护服的结构及尺寸，保证穿着者的活动舒适性及安全性有一定的意义。     

Biochemical Cooperation Between Klebsiella oxytoca Sc and Methylobacterium mesophilium Sr for Complete Degradation of Dimethyl Isophthalate

Klebsiella oxytoca Sc and Methylobacterium mesophilicum Sr were isolated from enrichment cultures using dimethyl isophthalate (DMI) as the sole carbon and energy source and mangrove sediment as an inoculum. Complete degradation of DMI required both species of bacteria at different biochemical transformation steps. The biochemical degradation pathway was DMI to monomethyl isophthalate (MMI) by K. oxytoca Sc, MMI to isophthalate (IPA) by M. mesophilium Sr, and IPA by both K. oxytoca Sc and M. mesophilium Sr sequentially. The consortium comprising of K. oxytoca Sc and M. mesophilicum Sr was effective in complete degradation of DMI in eight days. Our results suggest that a consortium of microorganisms indigenous to the mangrove environment is responsible for mineralization of environmental pollutant DMI through biochemical cooperation.     

Comparing the Growth Characteristics of Three Bacteria Involved in Degrading Rubbers

Three bacteria isolated for degradation of rubbers were compared for their growth characteristics derived from the Bradford protein assay and turbidity (optical density, OD) measurement. Both Alcaligenes xylosoxidans T2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa GP10 were fast-growing bacteria while Nocardia corynebacterioides S3 was a slow grower utilizing rubber as the sole source of carbon and energy, but the extent of degradation was lower by the formers than the latter. A. xylosoxidans T2, P. aeruginosa GP10 and N. corynebacterioides S3 showed a typical sigmoidal growth pattern based on binding of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 to bacterial proteins and spectrophotometrical measurement at 600 nm. Both assays showed similar growth characteristics for all three bacteria in this study. Degradation of rubber was more pronounced by N. corynebacterioides S3 than either A. xylosoxidans T2 or P. aeruginosa GP10 during 70 days of incubation. Our results suggest that slow-growing bacteria may play a much greater role in degrading polymeric materials than was previously believed.     

氯氰菊酯暴露对龙须菜的胁迫影响

在实验室条件下研究了不同浓度氯氰菊酯胁迫下,龙须菜的生长状况及藻体生理生化指标变化情况.结果表明,龙须菜对氯氰菊酯敏感性较低,氯氰菊酯浓度低于100μg.L-1时对龙须菜生长的抑制作用不明显.在氯氰菊酯胁迫的24h内,龙须菜体内的叶绿素a、藻红蛋白、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈现出低浓度(5或10μg.L-1)促进、高浓度(10或50μg.L-1)抑制的现象.在本研究设置的氯氰菊酯浓度下(1～100μg.L-1),膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量均增加,呈现典型的剂量-反应关系,由氧自由基所引起的膜脂过氧化是氯氰菊酯对龙须菜产生毒害作用的重要原因.低浓度暴露早期SOD的激活以及蛋白质和糖类的促进作用对于抵抗氯氰菊酯的过氧化胁迫具有重要作用,但在高浓度氯氰菊酯胁迫下,SOD的失活致使氯氰菊酯对龙须菜产生明显毒性作用.     

汶川地震汉源县烈度异常区地质构造背景分析

汉源县是汶川8.0级大地震Ⅵ度区内唯一的Ⅷ度异常区,是十分典型的远震烈度异常区.本文在汉源场地条件科考工作的基础上,对其城区及周边地质构造背景条件进行了分析,内容包括区域地层发育概况、区域主要断裂及其活动性、近场断裂分布状况及其对研究区的影响以及第四纪地质地貌的形态,结果表明研究区处于大渡河与流沙河阶地交汇处,河流阶地发育,地形切割深度差异较大,地质构造条件复杂,新构造运动强烈.对汉源县城区地质构造背景进行分析是对其地震烈度异常做出科学解释的前提和基础,进一步确定烈度异常的原因,因而具有极高的科学价值和重要的工程意义.     

中肋骨条藻与锥状斯氏藻藻际细菌溶藻效应研究

通过向对数生长期的中肋骨条藻和锥状斯氏藻培养体系中分别加入体积分数1%和10%的2216E培养基,以未加入培养基的对照组和10%无菌组作为对照,研究藻际细菌的溶藻效应.结果表明,对照组、1%组及10%无菌组的中肋骨条藻和锥状斯氏藻生长未受抑制,而10%组的中肋骨条藻和锥状斯氏藻生长则受到显著的抑制(p0.001),在第96h时,藻细胞几乎都被裂解,藻细胞数、叶绿素a含量及叶绿素荧光效率(Fv/Fm)显著低于对照组、1%组及10%无菌组(p0.001),表明藻际细菌具有抑制微藻生长的作用.在整个溶藻过程中,中肋骨条藻10%组细菌丰度增加了约250倍,锥状斯氏藻10%组藻际细菌丰度增加了约300倍,藻际细菌丰度的剧增可能是溶藻的主要原因.作为溶藻效果的评价指标,叶绿素荧光效率要优于细胞形态的改变、藻细胞数量的变化及叶绿素a含量,是较理想的溶藻检验指标.