高铁酸钾的制备及其在水处理中的应用前景

水污染已经成为全球高度重视的一个环境污染问题,严重影响着人们的生活、工作和学习,所以现在急需一种良好的水处理剂。高铁酸钾是一种环境友好型多功能水处理剂,并且集氧化、吸附、絮凝、助凝、杀菌、除臭为一体。具有高效、无毒、无害等优点,因此在水处理中具有很好的应用前景。但由于其自身水溶液的不稳定性。大大限制了它的应用。     

Changes in soil fertility parameters and the environmental effects in a rapidly developing region of China

An extensive knowledge of the temporal variability of soil fertility parameters and how this variation affects the environment is imperative to a wide range of disciplines within agricultural science for optimal crop production and ecosystem preservation. This paper examines the temporal variability of soil pH, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (P_Av), and available potassium (K_Av) on Cambosols (Entisols) (n = 179) and Anthrosols (Inceptisols) (n = 95) in Zhangjiagang County, China from 1980 to 2004. Nutrient input was monitored from 1983 to 2004. Annual N fertilizer rates were significantly different during three periods (1983–1989, 1989–1999, 1999–2004), where annual rates increased significantly after 1989 and then decreased after 1999. Annual P fertilizer rates were significantly different during two periods (1983–1993, 1993–2004) where annual rates increased after 1993. No change was found in K fertilizer rates. Soil pH marginally increased by 0.14 units in Cambosols, but significantly decreased by 1.02 units in Anthrosols. OM, CEC, and TN increased in both soil orders an average of 2.15 g kg^?1, 1.6 cmol kg^?1, and 0.21 g kg^?1, respectively. TP decreased in Anthrosols by 70 mg kg^?1, P_Av increased in Cambosols by 4.83 mg kg^?1, and K_Av decreased in Cambosols by 15 mg kg^?1. Fertilizer input rates are causing nutrient imbalances, contributing to acidification in Anthrosols, and decreasing C/N ratios. Nutrient loading of N and deficiency of K is also a potential problem in the area. Efforts should be made to readjust soil nutrient inputs to reach an optimal, sustainable level.     

渔业污染事故调处存在的问题及对策

简要分析形成渔业污染事故调查处理难的成因,是由于渔业污染事故调处的法律规定不明确、机制不健全、技术保障不到位,并针对如何有效解决问题,提出环保、渔政、航政等机关应通力合作,从便于及时调处的角度,建立协调机构,以便及时迅速调处事故;从科学角度认识判断标准和证据,认识到渔业污染事故并非仅可能发生在法律规定的渔业水体中,各地应对重要渔业水体划定保护区,科学划定水产种质资源保护区等重要渔业水体,并及时向社会公布,采取相应措施保护水质环境;搞好监测,加强管理。     

苏南典型城区河网地区沉积物重金属调查研究

本研究对太湖上游集水区重要城市常州城区河网的12条主要河流开展了城市主要河道沉积物中的重金属分布状况及特征调查,采用Hakanson生态风险指数法对沉积物中的主要重金属对所在水域的污染程度及对水域和周围环境造成的潜在风险影响进行了评价。结果显示,常州河道沉积物已受到严重污染,不同类型河道的沉积物污染程度趋势为:城区>郊区>城市外围河道,其中以Hg的污染最重。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法与石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定环境空气中铅的对比研究

分别采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法和石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定标准样品和环境空气中的铅,并进行了对比分析。结果表明,两种方法都具有较高的准确度和精密度,无显著性差异。     

合肥台短水准异常与周边地震活动分析

以合肥台跨郯庐断裂短水准数据为基础,结合华东地区中强震及安徽地区小震释放能量分析了历史测量资料在地震期间的变化,研究了辅助资料对测量资料的影响,得出:(1)降水虽可能造成敏感地块的断层形变异常,但在区域应力作用断层到一定强度时断层形变异常仍具有一定的前兆意义.(2)华东地区中强地震、安徽地区小震(群)与合肥台断层形变存...     

水利项目环境影响综合评价

文章研究了模糊综合评价法在水利建设项目综合环境影响评价中的应用,以某水利工程为例建立了项目环境影响评价的指标体系,并对项目环境影响进行了综合评价,同时将建设项目环保措施的落实程度进行环境影响程度对比分析。结果表明,模糊综合评价方法是一种科学合理、简单可行的环境影响评价方法,可以在水利建设项目的环境影响评价中应用推广;同...     

内蒙古四子王旗2008及2009年沙尘天气研究

通过对四子王旗2008年和2009年3-5月份大气TSP浓度的测定,结合同期主要气象因子数据,依据国家规定的大气中TSP含量的标准和国家环境空气质量标准,对四子王旗的沙尘天气进行分类,并对其强度等级进行划分。评价结果表明：在2008年3-5月份中,发生了5次浮尘天气,2次扬沙天气,其中在2008年5月26日TSP浓度值为3.058mg/m3,达到扬沙天气等级。在2009年3-5月份,发生1次扬沙天气,TSP浓度值为3.369 mg/m3;四子王旗大气中TSP浓度含量符合国家环境空气质量二级标准;大气中TSP浓度与风速、环境温度呈正相关,与降雨量、大气压呈负相关。     

某天然气井成功处理油管内井喷失控的实例分析

在天然气井钻井和井下作业施工中,由于井下或操作人员原因,稍有不慎就会形成井喷失控事故,带来经济损失和不良社会影响。介绍了一口天然气井由于管柱内失控形成井喷事故而处理成功的实例,以期对井控实际工作有所帮助。     

Biodegradation of geosmin in drinking water by novel bacteria isolated from biologically active carbon

Three strains of Gram-negative bacteria capable of removing geosmin from drinking water were isolated from biologically active carbon and identified to be Chryseobacterium sp., Sinorhizobium sp. and Stenotrophomonas sp. based on physio-biochemistry analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Removal e ciencies of 2 mg/L geosmin in mineral salts medium were 84.0%, 80.2% and 74.4% for Chryseobacterium sp., Sinorhizobium sp. and Stenotrophomonas sp., respectively, while removal e ciencies of 560 ng/L geosmin in filter influent were 84.8%, 82.3% and 82.5%, respectively. The biodegradation of geosmin was determined to be a pseudo first-order reaction, with rate constants at 2 mg/L and 560 ng/L being 0.097 and 0.086 day??1, 0.089 and 0.084 day??1, 0.074 and 0.098 day??1 for the above mentioned degraders, respectively. The biomass of culture in the presence of geosmin was much higher than that in the absence of geosmin.