水路十八弯

人处在一种什么样的情况下,会突然从心里蹦出来一个上帝?会格外思念亲人?在三峡腹地柴埠溪开漂,整整等了五天。去的时候,天空干干净净的,除了各种各样的鸟带着五彩缤纷的     

糖类在城市污水生物处理系统中的去除机理

研究了厌氧、缺氧和好氧状态下淀粉在城市污水生物处理系统中水相和泥相中吸附和降解的动力学参数,建立了淀粉在厌氧、缺氧、好氧状态下的降解动力学模型,并对模型预测的结果进行了验证.结果表明,Fritz-Schlunder模型可以较好地描述糖类在厌氧、缺氧和好氧污泥上的吸附过程,吸附的大分子糖类迅速水解为低一级的高分子物质和小分子物质;厌氧降解速率系数K厌、缺氧的降解速率系数K缺与好氧的降解速率常数的比值分别为0.40和0.64;所建立的动力学模型能较好的预测出水糖类的浓度(相对误差<10%).     

Habitat-quality effects on metapopulation dynamics in greater white-toothed shrews, Crocidura russula

The effects of patch size and isolation on metapopulation dynamics have received wide empirical support and theoretical formalization. By contrast, the effects of patch quality seem largely underinvestigated, partly due to technical difficulties in properly assessing quality. Here we combine habitat-quality modeling with four years of demographic monitoring in a metapopulation of greater white-toothed shrews (Crocidura russula) to investigate the role of patch quality on metapopulation processes. Together, local patch quality and connectivity significantly enhanced local population sizes and occupancy rates (R2 = 14% and 19%, respectively). Accounting for the quality of patches connected to the focal one and acting as potential sources improved slightly the model explanatory power for local population sizes, pointing to significant source-sink dynamics. Local habitat quality, in interaction with connectivity, also increased colonization rate (R2 = 28%), suggesting the ability of immigrants to target high-quality patches. Overall, patterns were best explained when assuming a mean dispersal distance of 800 m, a realistic value for the species under study. Our results thus provide evidence that patch quality, in interaction with connectivity, may affect major demographic processes.     

Relation of growth and condition with the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pan</Emphasis> I locus in Atlantic cod (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gadus morhua</Emphasis> L.) around Iceland

Growth and condition (both somatic and hepatosomatic index) of Atlantic cod spawning at different locations around Iceland was studied in relation to the Pan I locus. South of Iceland cod carrying the Pan I^AB and Pan I^BB genotypes were more frequent while cod carrying the Pan I^AA genotype was more frequent north of Iceland. Differences in growth were detected between cod spawning at different areas around Iceland. Cod spawning south of Iceland grew faster than cod spawning north of Iceland. Differences in growth rate were also observed among cod carrying different Pan I genotypes within a spawning area. The least frequent Pan I genotype expressed the highest growth in both south and north of Iceland. Cod carrying the Pan I^AA grew fastest at spawning locations south of Iceland, while cod carrying the Pan I^BB genotype grew fastest in north of Iceland. A consistent relationship between condition and the different Pan I genotypes was also observed in all the areas. Cod carrying the Pan I^AA expressed the highest somatic condition and the lowest hepatosomatic index. Together, these results indicate that the relation of growth and condition with the Pan I locus is more complicated than earlier thought and is likely to be influenced by other factors, like size-selective fishing and food supply.     

氯代芳香化合物生物降解性能与其化学结构的相关性

应用结构－活性定量关系研究方法,对氯代芳香化合物的好氧生物降解性能与其化学结构间的关系进行了研究,并建立了受试物的好物降解速率常数与４个高阶分子连接性指标及取代基电子效应数为结构参数的定量关系,分析表明,有机物取代基的电性能数和空间构型是影响受试物好氧生物降解性能的２个重要因素。     

乌江中上游鱼体含汞量的研究

以乌江中上游设置的4个采样点所采集的4种底栖性鱼类为材料,进行取样测试,研究了鱼体含汞量差异。结果表明,乌江中上游4个样点的水域底泥含汞量存在显著差异,由此造成4种底栖性鱼类肌肉含汞量在不同样点之间存在极显著性差异。其中乌江镇4种底栖性鱼类肌肉含汞量显著高于六圭河、洪家渡及六广的同种类鱼体的含汞量。在同一样点内的4种底栖性鱼类肌肉含汞量也存在明显差异,其趋势为鲤＜黑尾＜鲇＜黄颡鱼。4种底栖性鱼类肌肉含汞量与体重存在极显著相关性,且同种鱼类在不同样点中汞在鱼体内的积累与它所处的食物链营养级是相一致的,但单位体重含汞量却有明显差异,同时鱼体含汞量随体重的增加而增大     

易降解有机物对氯苯好氧生物降解性能影响

利用测定微生物呼吸耗氧量的方法,从生物氧化程度出发,对氯苯在单基质条件下的好氧生物降解性能及易降解有机物对受试物的生物降解性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明,受试物的生物氧化率与浓度无关,易降解有机物的存在有利于受试物的降解,生物氧化率的增加值随所投易降解BOD₅浓度的关系具有类似米－门公式的形式。     

工业固体废物容量总量控制的研究

针对工业固体废物如何进行容量总量控制的问题,在研究工业固体废物中有毒有害物质污染迁移转化规律的基础上,提出了相对工业固体废物中有毒有害物质进入大气、地表水体、地下水和在生物体内积累的相对容量总量控制概念,并探讨了城市或区域工业固体废物容量总量控制的确定方法     

社会发展与环境资源冲突的典型案例——济南市生活垃圾填埋处置场选址问题研究

用冲突分析理论分析了社会发展与环境资源冲突的典型案例——济南市生活垃圾填埋处置场的选址问题,预测了这一冲突的发展,研究设计了解决这一冲突问题的处理方案．     

新疆喀什地区农村改水效益综合分析

为评价新疆喀什地区农村改水效益,我们按照国家农村饮用水水质的标准和分析方法,分析、计算出改水后饮用水中的细菌总数和大肠菌群下降了５１．０２％,集中式和分散式供水的水质综合指数（ＷＱＩ）分别为改水前的１５．３８％和２０．００％;分析与饮水有关的介水传染病（即霍乱、痢疾、肝炎、伤寒）的总发病率,改水后较改水前平均下降了６１．１８％,用水力资本法计算得出,减少上述疾病可能造成的经济损失６３９３５０元／ｇ