六磊塘2005～2012年水质变化趋势分析

采用综合污染指数法,评价了六磊塘2005～2012年间在丰水期、平水期、枯水期和全年的水质达标情况,计算了主要污染物的污染负荷,得到了水质的时间变化特征。结果表明,2005—2012年,六磊塘水质呈现改善趋势,水质整体呈现轻到中度污染;枯水期水质污染最重,丰水期和平水期水质污染相对较轻;各主要污染物中,氨氮的污染负荷最大,五日生化需氧量和高锰酸盐指数的污染负荷最小。研究结果为六磊塘的地表水质监测和污染防治等工作提供了重要依据。     

煤的微生物浮选法脱硫技术

文章介绍了煤的微生物浮选法脱硫技术的机理和３个影响因子，细菌浓度，捕集剂和浮选柱径高比，同时通过与浸出法的比较，微生物浮选示的反应时间比传统的生物脱硫方法大大缩短，脱除黄铁矿硫的效率高，黄铁矿可回收利用，而且不产生大量的酸性废液，煤的质量同时也获得提高，最后，分析了微生物浮选法脱硫技术的３个发展方向。     

肥料对土壤重金属有效态及水稻幼苗重金属积累的影响

为探究施用不同肥料对红黄泥和河沙泥农田土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd有效态含量的影响,通过盆栽试验,研究了施用7种肥料（猪粪、鸡粪、紫云英、商品有机肥、磷肥、复合肥、化肥）对土壤重金属有效态含量及水稻幼苗重金属积累的影响.结果表明:①红黄泥中复合肥处理能显著增加Zn有效态含量,比对照增加57.0%,猪粪处理显著降低了Cu、Pb、Cd有效态含量,比对照降低22.1%、13.4%、20.0%.②不同处理河沙泥中Cu有效态含量变化不显著,复合肥处理显著增加Zn有效态含量,比对照增加23倍,化肥处理显著增加Pb有效态含量,比对照增加31.6%,施用复合肥显著增加Cd有效态含量,比对照增加30.6%.③红黄泥中商品有机肥、紫云英处理显著增加水稻根Cd含量,且紫云英处理效果更明显,比对照增加1.92倍,猪粪、鸡粪、商品有机肥、磷肥处理均降低了水稻秸秆Cd含量,且商品有机肥作用更明显,比对照降低58.7%.④在河沙泥中商品有机肥、紫云英处理显著增加了水稻根Cd含量,且商品有机肥处理效果更明显,比对照增加4.27倍,猪粪、鸡粪处理均降低了水稻秸秆Cd含量,且鸡粪作用更明显,比对照降低29.2%.研究显示,不同处理土壤中Cu、Zn有效态含量差异明显;磷肥处理能显著降低红黄泥中Pb有效态含量,猪粪、鸡粪、紫云英处理可显著降低红黄泥中Cd有效态含量,复合肥处理能显著增加河沙泥Cd有效态含量;猪粪、鸡粪处理均能降低红黄泥和河沙泥中水稻秸秆Cd含量.      

Impacts of cadmium addition on the alteration of microbial community and transport of antibiotic resistance genes in oxytetracycline contaminated soil

The large-scale development in livestock feed industry has increased the chances of antibiotics and heavy metals contamination in the soil. The fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbial community in heavy metals and antibiotic contaminated soil is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd) addition on the transport of ARGs, microbial community and human pathogenic bacteria in oxytetracycline (OTC) contaminated soil. Results showed that the addition of OTC significantly increased the abundance of ARGs and intI1 in the soil and lettuce tissues. The addition of Cd to OTC treated soil further increased the abundance and translocation of ARGs and intI1. Moreover, Cd promoted the transfer of potential human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) into lettuce tissues. Compared with O10 treatment, the addition of Cd decreased the concentration of OTC in soil and lettuce tissue, but slightly increased the fresh weight of lettuce tissues. Redundancy analysis indicated that bacterial community succession is a major factor in ARGs variation. Network analysis indicated that the main host bacteria of ARGs were mainly derived from Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis showed that intI1 was significantly correlated with tetG, tetC, sul1, sul2, ermX, and ermQ. Meanwhile, potential HPB (Clostridium, and Burkholderia) was significantly correlated with intI1 and eight ARGs (tetG, tetC, tetW, tetX, sul1, sul2, ermX, and ermQ.). The findings of this study suggest that the addition of heavy metals to agricultural fields must be considered in order to reduce the transfer of ARGs in the soil and crops.     

医疗废物典型组分的热重分析及新的动力学模型

为研究医疗废物的热解失重规律和反应动力学机制，对其热失重过程进行了模拟．利用差热热重分析仪，在氮气气氛下对医疗废物的14种典型组分进行了热解实验，建立了“整体两步四反应模型”．结果显示，样品失水后，在160℃-290℃之间开始热解，次序依次为药物类、塑料类、蛋白质类、生物质类、合成纤维类和橡胶类；经过一步或两步失重，在800℃时热解基本完成．所建立的“整体两步四反应模型”能很好地描述样品的热解行为，最大相对误差为1．68％，并可以对医疗废物的热解产物进行预测．     

黄浦江流域面源污染控制研究

介绍了开展黄浦江水环境综合整治中主要面源污染控制研究的过程，内容、方法和原则；在分析了研究结果的基础上，提出了黄浦江面源污染控制方案。     

模拟酸雨下土壤中铜、镉行为及急性毒性效应

本文论述模拟酸雨下红壤、黄棕壤和黑土中Cu、Cd行为及急性毒性效应.试验表明:(1)模拟酸雨对添加性土壤Cu、Cd的淋溶有一定的影响,随着降水酸度的增大,土壤中Cu、Cd的淋出量增加,但增加的程度与土壤类型、添加金属的浓度和种类有关,相同酸度下,红壤中Cu、Cd的淋出量远大于黄棕壤和黑土,淋出率随着沉降酸度而改变的程度也最显著,酸雨对黑土中Cu、Cd淋溶影响最小.Cd对酸雨淋溶的敏感性大于Cu.(2)模拟酸雨对土壤中Cu、Cd形态影响较为明显,随着酸雨pH的降低,黄棕壤和黑土中部分Cu、Cd形态明显地向着交换态转化,红壤中部分Cu、Cd形态明显地向着水溶态转化.(3)模拟酸雨对土壤中Cu、Cd的生物毒性影响很大,但这种影响同时又受土壤类型相当大的制约,红壤中毒性影响最大,黑土中毒性影响最小,表明三类土壤的抗酸能力顺序为黑土>黄棕壤>红壤.     

石油化工企业环境风险评价的方法研究

首次提出并采用安全检查表与层次分析相结合的石油化工企业环境风险评价方法,对我国运转中的一套丙烯腈系列装置进行系统风险评价和健康风险评价,建立了丙烯腈系列装置安全风险评价层次结构体系,开发了风险评价事故数据库软件。通过评价找出事故隐患,发现氰氢酸是导致职工慢性中毒的主要因素。评价结果表明,事故记录的准确性和事故档案保存的完好性对于评价至关重要。     

Polychlorinated biphenyls in the atmosphere of Taizhou, a major e-waste dismantling area in China

PM2.5,total suspended particles(TSP) and gas phase samples were collected at two sites of Taizhou,a major e-waste dismantling area in China.Concentrations,seasonal variations,congener profiles,gas-particle partitioning and size distribution of the atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were studied to assess the current state of atmospheric PCBs after the phase out of massive historical dismantling of PCBs containing e-wastes.The average 38PCBs concentration in the ambient air(TSP plus gas phase) near the e-waste dismantling area was(12,407 ± 9592) pg/m3 in winter,which was substantially lower than that found one decade ago.However,the atmospheric PCBs level near the e-waste dismantling area was 54 times of the reference urban site,indicating that the impact of the historical dismantling of PCBs containing e-wastes was still significant.Tri-Penta-CBs were dominant homologues,consisting with their dominant global production.Size distribution of particle-bound PCBs showed that higher chlorinated CBs tended to partition more to the fine particles,facilitating its long range air transportation.     

准东煤电煤化工产业带区域环境规划的探讨

昌吉州准东地区拥有丰富的煤炭资源,是新疆重要的能源战略储备基地。分析了准东地区资源和环境现状,探讨了产业带内区域环境规划,并就产业带内生态适宜区或非适宜区产业布局和注意的环境问题进行了研究。强调在该区域发展煤电产业时,必须调整思路,强化管理,发展循环经济,走可持续发展道路。