污水排海工程设计的初步研究

本文结合我国国情根据混合区边缘污染物背景值以及海域功能，从而确定允许的污染物最大增加值，并具此推算出扩散器长度和起始稀释度。     

泥炭和褐煤对Zn^2＋,Cu^2＋,Pb^2＋等重金属离子的吸附特征

利用天然有机吸附剂泥炭和褐煤对重金属离子Ｚｎ＾２＋，Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｐｂ＾２＋的单组分水溶液进行吸附研究。对吸附模型，吸附时间，不同吸附剂投放量，金属离子种类等给予表征，基本符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温线。     

垃圾堆肥对土壤微生物的影响

施垃圾堆肥并种２季蔬菜的潮土、黄棕壤及红壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌、固氮菌、纤维分解菌、亚硝化菌数量，纤维分解强度，呼吸强度和微生物生物量Ｃ、Ｎ含量的测定结果表明：当土壤本身含有的微生物数量多于或少于垃圾堆肥含有的微生物数量时，土壤中的微生物数量会随垃圾堆肥用量的增加而增加；当土壤本身含有的微生物数量与垃圾堆肥相同时，垃圾堆肥用量大小对土壤微生物数量影响不大。微生物生物量Ｃ、Ｎ含量，土壤有机质，全Ｎ，有效Ｐ含量，呼吸强度及纤维分解强度均随垃圾堆肥施用量提高而增加，并呈显著的正相关性。     

渤海北部典型芳香烃类化合物污染状况及生态风险评价

为探究渤海北部海上油气区及周边近岸海域典型芳香烃类化合物污染状况,2015年5月现场采集了32个站位的海水样品,针对7种苯系物(BTEX)和17种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行测定,并采用商值法和毒性当量法对污染物开展单一和联合生态风险评估。结果显示,研究海域海水中7种苯系物总含量范围为65.1～222.6 ng·L~(-1),以甲苯含量最高,表层含量略低于底层,油气区平均含量低于周边近岸,受到陆源污染输入的影响特征明显。表层海水中ΣPAHs含量范围为98.9～356.0 ng·L~(-1),平均值为184.5 ng·L~(-1),以低环芳烃占优势,总体处于中等水平,比值法判定该海域PAHs可能主要来源于石油及其加工产品。该海域海水中苯并(a)芘的风险商RQ值大于0.1,表现出低度风险,其余3种处于可接受水平。4种芳香烃类化合物联合生态风险等级为低度风险,对生态系统具有潜在的不利影响,但不同区域仍存在一定差异性,海上石油开采与陆源输入是影响该海域个别区域生态风险较高的重要因素。     

Cellulose acetate biodegradability upon exposure to simulated aerobic composting and anaerobic bioreactor environments

Cellulose acetate (CA) films with degree of substitution (d.s.) values of 1.7 and 2.5 were exposed to biologically active in-laboratory composting test vessels maintained at approximately 53 °C. The CA 1.7- and 2.5-d.s. films (thickness values of 0.5–1.0 and 2.0 mil, respectively) had completely disappeared by the end of 7- and 18-day exposure time periods in the biologically active bioreactors, respectively. The relatively small CA film weight loss observed in the poisoned control test vessels allows the conclusion that CA film erosion during the composting exposures resulted, at least in part, from biologically mediated processes. Under strictly anaerobic conditions, an active methanogenic inoculum was developed by acclimation of a sewage sludge to a synthetic municipal solid waste (SMSW) mixture at 42°C. The CA 1.7-d.s. film samples (0.5- to 1.0-mil thickness) were exposed in anaerobic serum bottles containing a 25% solids loading of SMSW in which methanogenic activity was rapidly established after introducing of the developed inoculum. For exposures of 30 days only small visually distinguishable fragments of the CA 1.7-d.s. films were recovered. In contrast, exposure of the CA 1.7-d.s. film to a poisoned control test vessel resulted in negligible weight loss. Therefore, degradation of the CA 1.7-d.s. films upon exposure to the anaerobic bioreactors was due, at least in part, to biologically mediated processes.Guest Editor: Dr. Graham Swift, Rohm & Haas.     

开发洋口港的自然优势和宏观功能

本文根据近几年对洋口港的调查实测资料，分析了建深水港的可行性，并提出为解决长江口通海航道水深不足，充分发挥南通港港群机能等问题，供有关部门参考。     

炻器餐饮具的抗菌研究

以一种特种陶瓷--炻器为载体,分别用负载TiO2光催化薄膜和添加抗菌剂的方法进行炻器餐饮具的抗菌研究.结果表明,在紫外光和日光下,表面负载了TiO2膜的炻器灭菌率分别为90%和88%,均高于未负载TiO2膜的炻器,且灭菌率随光强的增加而提高.复合银盐显示了很好的杀菌效果,当釉表层银含量为0.2%时,24 h内对所有细菌的灭菌率为94.6%、总大肠菌群为96.9%.复合锌盐也有一定的灭菌效果,当釉表层锌含量为1.1%时,24 h内对所有细菌的灭菌率为56.8%,总大肠菌群为59.3%.但将TiO2粉末加入炻器表层的釉中,却未显示灭菌作用.对掺杂的炻器表面层成分和掺杂后Ag 、Zn2 的溶出量进行了测定,对灭菌结果和机理也进行了讨论.     

玉米粒为载体的流化床生物膜反应器处理印染废水

以废弃玉米粒为载体,在生物膜流化床试验装置上进行印染废水处理试验研究。结果表明,与炉渣载体比较成膜时间缩短2 d;形成的生物膜生长到载体内部,结合牢固;曝气量(20~30 L/h.L)受流化状况控制,比非生物质载体时略大,玉米粒含量为2~4 g/L时,COD、色度和浊度的去除率分别为72%、85%和86%。     

Treatment of coke-plant wastewater by biofilm systems for removal of organic compounds and nitrogen

Coke-plant wastewater was treated by an anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A(1)-A(2)-O) biofilm system and an anoxic-aerobic (A/O) biofilm system, respectively. At same or similar levels of hydraulic retention time (HRT), the two systems had almost identical chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH(3) removals, but a different organic-N removal. Set-up of an acidogenic stage benefited for the removal of organic-N and the A(1)-A(2)-O system was more useful for total nitrogen removal than the A-O system. HRT did not have a substantial effect on the COD and NH(3)-N removal efficiencies, but considerably influenced the organic-N removal and distribution of oxidized nitrogen in the final effluent. The GC/MS analysis demonstrated that some refractory compounds were decomposed at the acidogenic stage and resulted in the production of some intermediates, which were more readily degraded in the subsequent aerobic stage. Hence, the A(1)-A(2)-O system had better effluent quality than the A-O system in terms of effluent composition.     

Kinetics of soil ozonation: an experimental and numerical investigation

This study investigates the use of ozone for soil remediation. Batch experiments, in which ozone-containing gas was continuously recycled through a soil bed, were conducted to quantify the rate of ozone self-decomposition and the rates of ozone interaction with soil organic and inorganic matter. Column experiments were conducted to measure ozone breakthrough from a soil column. Parameters such as ozone flow rate, soil mass, and ozonation time were varied in these experiments. After ozone concentration had reached steady state, the total organic carbon concentration was measured for all soil samples. The ozonation efficiency, represented by the ratio of soil organic matter consumed to the total ozone input, was quantified for each experiment. Numerical simulations were conducted to simulate experimentally obtained column breakthrough curves. Experimentally obtained kinetic rate constants were used in these simulations, and the results were in good agreement with experimental data. In contrast to previous studies in which soil inorganic matter was completely ignored, our experiments indicate that soil inorganic matter may also promote depletion of ozone, thus reducing the overall ozonation efficiency. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted to predict the efficacy of ozonation for soil remediation in the field. These simulations indicate that such ozonation can be very effective, provided that effective circulation of ozone is achieved through appropriately placed wells.