Effects of Al3+ on the microstructure and bioflocculation of anoxic sludge

The aluminum ions generated from mining aluminum,electrolytic aluminum and the industrial production of aluminum-based coagulants(such as AlCl_3 and Al_2(SO_4)_3) enter sewage treatment plants and interact with activated sludges.An anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A~2 O) process was used to reveal the effects of Al~(3+) on the pollutant removal efficiencies,bioflocculation and the micro structure of sludge.The results showed that a low concentration of Al~(3+) improved the pollutant removal efficiencies and increased the sludge particle size.However,a high concentration of Al~(3+) hindered microbial flocculation and reduced the pollutant removal efficiencies.With a 10 mg/L Al~(3+) addition,the chemical oxygen demand(COD),total nitrogen(TN) and NH_4~+-N increased by 3%,16% and 27%,and reached as high as 68%,60% and 87%,respectively.At the same time,the dehydrogenase activity,flocculation ability(FA) and contact angle of the sludge reached their maximum levels at 41.3 mg/L/hr,45% and 79.63°,respectively.The specific surface area of the sludge decreased to 7.084 m2/g and the sludge pore size distribution shifted to concentrate in the me soporous range.Most of Al~(3+) was adsorbed on the surface of sludge,changing the physicochemical properties and physical structure of the sludge.     

国内外岩爆预测的研究现状与发展趋势

在讨论岩爆预测的重要性和紧迫性的基础上，从岩爆的形成机理、预测预报等方面，阐述了国内外岩爆预测的研究现状。较全面地介绍了岩爆预测的方法，对有关预测方法或技术作了评述。最后分析了岩爆预测技术的发展趋势，并对我国岩爆预测研究的工作重点提出了一些建议。     

东营污水处理厂生态塘工艺的应用

东营污水处理厂采用污水处理与利用相结合的生态塘处理工艺,主要由高效厌氧塘、曝气塘、曝气养鱼塘、养鱼塘、藕塘、芦苇塘等组成。经过应用分析以及10个月的数据统计可以看出:在东营市这样土地资源丰富的地区采用生态塘工艺处理城市污水,具有基建费用低、运行费用省、维护管理方便、处理效果比较稳定的优点。     

碳酸盐岩Sr同位素比值的选择性溶解及测定技术

传统的碳酸盐岩的Sr同位素比值测定由于采用盐酸溶样 ,虽然具有溶解迅速的优点 ,但同时也使非碳酸盐组分被溶解而往往导致测定值偏高 ,同时也增加了Sr分离与纯化的难度。因此 ,我们考虑用弱酸来溶解碳酸盐岩矿样 ,以改进传统方法的不足。实验中采用醋酸作为溶解介质 ,对比了不同浓度的醋酸的溶解效果 ,对较难溶解的白云岩样品作了弱酸溶解实验 ,同时比较了 2 .5mol/L盐酸和 4mol/L醋酸溶样后的测定结果和测定精度。实验结果表明碳酸盐岩Sr同位素的选择性测定技术可以使溶解对象局限于样品中的目标组分———碳酸盐岩 ,防止样品中的非碳酸盐岩组分的溶解 ,避免过多的杂质进入溶解液 ,使碳酸盐岩中的微量元素———Sr(通常含量在 10 4 — 10 5范围内 )的同位素比值测定趋于准确和可靠 ,同时也减少了杂质元素的干扰 ,便于Sr的分离与纯化。     

土地利用线性规划结果的影子价格计算与敏感性分析

在土地利用规划中,对线性规划结果进行影子价格计算可以确定其结果在最优状况时,放宽某个约束条件(a_ijx_i=b_i)对目标函数（S）产生的附加贡献值。而敏感性分析解决了在线性规划仍保持最优解情况下,所允许的因市场条件和生产过程的改变导致的资源限制且（b_i）和利益系数（c_i）的可行变化范围。通过以上计算和分析,使静态的线性规划模型向动态模型方向迈进了一步。为其在一定空间和时间上推广应用开拓了余地。     

氨氮测定中的常见问题分析及解决方法

分析了酒石酸钾纳质量、絮凝沉淀pH、纳氏试剂配制方法及沉淀时间对氨氮测定的影响.     

企业环境责任评价体系及成果应用分析

随着环境保护部近年来众多环保举措的提出,企业的环境责任研究引起了学者和相关政府机构的重视。企业环境责任评价有利于提高企业环保意识和规范企业的环境行为,但目前仍缺乏相关机构对企业环境责任评价体系的独立研究和实践。本文通过对国内外企业环境责任的研究现状进行分析,引入了企业环境责任评价的必要性;在相关概念界定的基础上构建了企业环境责任评价指标体系,最后对评价成果的应用进行了探讨和研究。     

Characteristics and source attribution of PM2.5 during 2016 G20 Summit in Hangzhou: Efficacy of radical measures to reduce source emissions

A field campaign was conducted to study the PM_2.5 and atmospheric gases and aerosol's components to evaluate the efficacy of radical measures implemented by the Chinese government to improve air quality during the 2016 G20 Summit in Hangzhou China. The lower level of PM_2.5 (32.48 ± 11.03 µg/m³) observed during the control period compared to pre-control and post-control periods showed that PM_2.5 was alleviated by control policies. Based on the mass concentrations of particulate components, the emissions of PM_2.5 from local sources including fossil fuel, coal combustion, industry and construction were effectively reduced, but non-exhaust emission was not reduced as effectively as expected. The accumulation of SNA (SO₄^2?, NO₃^?, NH₄⁺) was observed during the control period, due to the favourable synoptic weather conditions for photochemical reactions and heterogeneous hydrolysis. Because of transboundary transport during the control period, air masses from remote areas contributed significantly to local PM_2.5. Although, secondary organic carbon (OC_sec) exhibited more sensitivity than primary organic carbon (OC_pri) to control measures, and the increased nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) implied the regional transport of aged secondary aerosols to the study area. Overall, the results from various approaches revealed that local pollution sources were kept under control, indicating that the implementation of mitigation measures were helpful in improving the air quality of Hangzhou during G20 summit. To reduce ambient levels of PM_2.5 further in Hangzhou, regional control policies may have to be taken so as to reduce the impact of long-range transport of air masses from inland China.     

不同因素对平板膜污泥浓缩工艺膜污染演变的影响研究

以临界通量表征膜污染趋势,利用响应面模型考察污泥浓度、膜间距和曝气量对上下层膜组件的膜污染影响,发现响应面模型具有较好的显著性和拟合性,且污泥浓度、膜间距和曝气量均对上下层膜组件膜污染有显著影响。同时发现,随着污泥浓度的增加上下层膜组件临界通量大幅下降;而在不同污泥浓度下,曝气量和膜间距的变化对上下层膜组件膜污染的变化有不同的影响。利用模型模拟获得了不同污泥浓度下的最优化参数,在四段式平板膜污泥浓缩中试运行中获得了较好的效果。