煤质活性炭腐殖酸吸附性能研究

本文对不同工艺生产的煤质活性炭进行了腐殖酸吸附性能动态和静态试验研究。结果表明：不同工艺生产的煤质活性炭腐殖酸吸附值（动态）有较大差异，柱状炭0．16mg／g左右，破碎炭0．40～0．63mg/g．其中压块破碎炭为最高；静态吸附条件下，腐殖酸吸附率差异不大，各类炭均大于70％。     

Toward better understanding vacuum ultraviolet–iodide induced photolysis via hydrogen peroxide formation,iodine species change,and difluoroacetic acid degradation

• UV/VUV/I^– induces substantial H₂O₂ and IO₃^– formation, but UV/I^– does not. • Increasing DO level in water enhances H₂O₂ and iodate productions. • Increasing pH decreases H₂O₂ and iodate formation and also photo-oxidation. • The redox potentials of UV/VUV/I^– and UV/VUV changes with pH changes. • The treatability of the UV/VUV/I^– process was stronger than UV/VUV at pH 11.0. Recently, a photochemical process induced by ultraviolet (UV), vacuum UV (VUV), and iodide (I^–) has gained attention for its robust potential for contaminant degradation. However, the mechanisms behind this process remain unclear because both oxidizing and reducing reactants are likely generated. To better understand this process, this study examined the evolutions of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and iodine species (i.e., iodide, iodate, and triiodide) during the UV/VUV/I^– process under varying pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions. Results show that increasing DO in water enhanced H₂O₂ and iodate production, suggesting that high DO favors the formation of oxidizing species. In contrast, increasing pH (from 6.0 to 11.0) resulted in lower H₂O₂ and iodate formation, indicating that there was a decrease of oxidative capacity for the UV/VUV/I^– process. In addition, difluoroacetic acid (DFAA) was used as an exemplar contaminant to verify above observations. Although its degradation kinetics did not follow a constant trend as pH increases, the relative importance of mineralization appeared declining, suggesting that there was a redox transition from an oxidizing environment to a reducing environment as pH rises. The treatability of the UV/VUV/I^– process was stronger than UV/VUV under pH of 11.0, while UV/VUV process presented a better performance at pH lower than 11.0.     

预浓缩/柱箱制冷GCMS/FID法测定大气中117种挥发性有机物

建立了罐采样、吸附剂辅助电子制冷预浓缩-柱箱制冷GCMS/FID同时测定大气中117种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的方法.样品经填充吸附剂的电子制冷预浓缩系统除水、除CO2、浓缩和热脱附后,采用柱箱制冷及GCMS/FID的多维切割单元,将5种C2-C3组分切到二维色谱柱进行分离并进入FID检测,甲醛及其他111种VOCs组...     

低污染的危险废物焚烧技术研究

目前危险废物焚烧中产生的污染物主要通过尾气处理去除 ,本文认为尾气处理应与通过控制焚烧条件减少尾气中污染物的原始浓度相结合 ,以减少后续处理设备的投资。本文主要讨论了控制危险废物焚烧中主要污染物颗粒物、氯化氢、SOx、NOx、二的焚烧技术     

混凝-间歇式活性污泥法处理炼油废水

采用混凝-间歇式活性污泥（SBR）法处理炼油废水,考察了混凝、SBR法对炼油废水的处理效果。实验结果表明：在硫酸铝、聚丙烯酰胺、CaCl2加入量分别为50,3,100mg／L的条件下,油去除率为82．7％,COD去除率为57．1％,BOD,／COD为0．24,混凝处理出水具有一定的可生化性;对混凝处理出水用SBR法进行厌氧水解2h、好氧曝气9h的生物处理后,出水COD低于150mg／L,COD去除率在80％左右。     

Depletion of chlortetracycline during composting of aged and spiked manures

Chlortetracycline (CTC) is one of the most important pharmaceuticals occurring in the environment. An increase of its application as feed supplement for livestock and poultry in the world leads to a substantial CTC contamination of manures, because most of the CTC is excreted to manure. The simulation experiment of aerobic composting was adopted to investigate CTC depletion in aged and spiked manure composting, and to address the extent of CTC depletion during composting. The results showed that the extractable CTC initial concentration was markedly different between the different manures, with 94.71mgkg(-1) in broiler manure and 879.6mgkg(-1) in hog manure. The concentration of extractable CTC decreased rapidly at the initial stage of composting, and subsequently declined slowly during aged and spiked manure composting. At the end of composting, more than 90% of CTC in the manure composting process (42 days) was depleted, except for hog manure composting with a removal of only 27%. The CTC half-lives were 11.0 days in broiler manure, 86.6 days in hog manure, 12.2 days in layer-hen manure (150.3mgkg(-1) CTC), 12.0 days in layer-hen manure (100.0mgkg(-1) CTC) and 4.39 days in layer-hen manure (53.10mgkg(-1) CTC), all according to the first order kinetics. The significance of experimental parameters in CTC depletion was assessed by the Pearson correlation approach. Microbial degradation of CTC was not effective from manure composting. CTC depletion was in good correlation with total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, C/N, N/P and total heavy metals.     

Several current-use, non-PBDE brominated flame retardants are highly bioaccumulative: evidence from field determined bioaccumulation factors

With the phaseout of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), some non-PBDE BFRs have prompted to be alternatives to the discontinued PBDEs. To assess the bioaccumulation potential of these chemicals, field bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for several non-PBDE BFRs including hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), pentabromotoluene (PBT), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), and hexabromobenzene (HBB), were determined in the aquatic species from a natural pond in an electronic waste recycling site in South China. The log BAFs ranged 2.58-6.01, 3.24-5.58, 3.44-5.98, 2.85-5.98, 3.32-6.08, 2.04-4.77, 2.72-4.09 and 3.31-5.54 for α-HBCD, β-HBCD, γ-HBCD, ∑HBCDs, BTBPE, PBT, PBEB, and HBB, respectively. The log BAF values for HBCD isomers, BTBPE, and HBB were greater than 3.7 (corresponding BAF value 5000) in most of the investigated species, demonstrating their highly bioaccumulative properties. α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs, BTBPE, and HBB appeared comparable or had even greater BAFs compared to PBDE congeners with similar K(OW), suggesting that these BFRs may have a potentially high environmental risk. The BAFs for the given BFR compound were largely variable between species, due to the species-specific feeding ecology, trophic level, and metabolic capacity for these pollutants. Positive linear relationships between log BAF and log K(OW) (r2 = 0.59, p = 0.04), and molecular weight (r2 = 0.54, p = 0.06) of non-PBDE BFRs were observed in the species with low trophic level (Chinese mysterysnail), suggesting that the chemical's physicochemical properties also played key roles in the bioaccumulation processes.     

城市化趋向与我国城市可持续发展的现实选择

城市化是人类生产和生活方式由乡村型向城市型转化的历史进程,表现为乡村人口向城市人口转化以及城市不断发展完善的过程。城市化有阶段性,集聚扩散性、不平衡性和与工业化的互动性等基本规律,表现为同步城市化、过度城市化和滞后城市化模式,呈现多元化、集群化、国际化、网络化、生态化和逆城市化趋势。根据这些基本理论和现实情况,作者提出了加快中国城市化,实现城市可持续发展的六项政策建议。     

荆门市静脉产业园餐厨垃圾、市政污泥联合发酵系统主要监控指标及控制措施

荆门市静脉产业园餐厨垃圾、市政污泥采用联合发酵工艺,结合厌氧发酵机理。本文分析了餐厨垃圾、市政污泥联合发酵系统运行过程中温度、pH值、有机负荷、C/N、Na^+、VFA、VFA/碱度等关键影响因子,并提出了相应控制措施来确保联合发酵系统安全、稳定、高效的运行。     

缠绕垫片匹配凹凸面法兰接头密封泄漏的讨论

以一台U型管式a型换热器在进行壳程水压试验时管板与壳体法兰凹面间缠绕垫片被压出泄漏为事例,针对选择低公称压力等级的缠绕垫片用在高设计压力的凹凸面法兰接头密封的影响因素,从垫片最小宽度、法兰凹凸密封面尺寸偏差、垫片与法兰装配以及缠绕垫片特性等方面进行了分析,提出了在设计计算法兰时应考虑垫片最小宽度的合理确定并修订完善相关标准的建议。