淀粉接枝阳离子絮凝剂的制备及性能研究

主要利用化学方法对环氧氯丙烷和胺类进行阳离子改性获得阳离子醚化剂,然后与碱化后的淀粉接枝制得一种絮凝性能良好的有机高分子阳离子絮凝荆,并对所得产品作了絮凝性能实验。由实验得知该絮凝剂对悬浮细小颗粒有很好的去除效果,如高岭土溶液（1g／L）产生矾花时间较短,加入絮凝剂后搅拌3min左右即可产生明显絮体,且絮体较大,静置后透光率达90％以上。     

生物法治理污水处理场恶臭废气技术探讨

介绍了生物法治理污水处理场恶臭废气的工艺流程、基本原理,分析了对恶臭废气中有机污染物的去除效果,提出了需改进的问题。     

Laboratory culture of the freshwater benthic gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa （Reeve） and its utility as a test species for sediment toxicity

This study aimed to develop original laboratory culture and sediment toxicity testing protocols for the freshwater gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa(Reeve),a new potential species for sediment toxicity testing.B.aeruginosa was successfully cultured with an effective culture system under proposed laboratory conditions.Optimal ad libitum feeding levels for larvae,juveniles,and adults were 2.0,6.0,and 16.0 mg fish food/(snail·day),respectively.Mean survival rates of juveniles were higher than 90%.The snails could be sexed at 9 weeks of age,and their generation time is approximately 4 months.Reproduction continued all year around;the mean fecundity was 0.55 newborn/(female·day).The utility of this species for bioassays was evaluated in both 10-day and 28-day case studies with artificial sediments.The 10-day LC50 of Cu for larvae was 480 μg/g dry weight(dw),and the lowest observed effects concentration of Cu for survival and growth of larvae was 195 μg/g dw.Survival and growth are reliable indicators of acute toxicity.Larvae accumulated more Cu than adults.B.aeruginosa exhibited a higher sensitivity to Cu exposure than standard test species(Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans).The 28-day test of sediment toxicity with adults showed that fecundity was a robust endpoint indicator of reproductive toxicity,and the biochemical endpoints of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and glutathione could be used as sensitive biomarkers for Cu-induced oxidative damage.B.aeruginosa can be therefore recommended as a candidate for the standardization of the freshwater sediment toxicity test protocol.     

大型浮顶储罐浮盘密封圈雷击起火事故分析

通过对近年来连续发生的大型浮顶储罐浮盘密封圈雷击起火原因分析,找出了浮顶储罐浮盘密封存在的安全问题,探讨了浮盘密封形式与储罐雷击起火事故的关系,并提出对策措施.     

Strategies to improve aerobic granular sludge stability and nitrogen removal based on feeding mode and substrate

A systemic strategy was proposed to improve aerobic granular sludge(AGS)stability and nitrogen(N)removal efficiency by optimizing feeding mode and substrate aiming at complicated wastewater characteristics.Key functional groups at the genus level identified by high-throughput sequencing were evaluated as well.The results showed that anaerobic feeding mode and acetate promoted the compact AGS formation with excellent total nitrogen(TN)removal efficiency(averaging 91.7%±4.1%)at various dissolved oxygen conditions.While the aerobic feeding mode led to a loose AGS structure with a vulnerable anaerobic core and poor TN removal efficiency(averaging58.8%±7.4%).Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process played the dominant role in N removal in compact AGS over the alternating nitrification and denitrification process.High-concentration glucose undermined feast-famine condition with filamentous bacteria growth out of granule and decreased TN removal efficiency to 67.3%±15.2%.Lower food to microorganism ratio may result in a lower N removal rate attributed to the sharply increased biomass concentration fed by glucose.Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,nitrite-oxidizing bacteria,denitrifying bacteria,and denitrifying phosphorus accumulation organisms enriched during AGS granulation also contributed to the efficient N removal.The proposed strategy provided insights into the relationship between various factors and stable AGS formation,and systemic operation methods for various complicated wastewater treatment.     

应用多元统计研究蘑菇湖水体DOM紫外光谱特征

为了探究蘑菇湖水体中DOM（溶解性有机物）的组成和结构特征、识别来源及表征腐殖化程度,采用UV-Vis（紫外-可见吸收光谱）和紫外吸收光谱指数、多元统计分析方法对蘑菇湖水体DOM进行表征.结果表明:①蘑菇湖水体DOM腐殖化程度由滨湖区向深湖区递减,DOM主要以脂肪链和酯类等非极性官能团及相对分子质量较大的外源胡敏酸为主. ②皮尔逊相关性分析发现,A_{250 nm}/A_{365 nm}、A_{240 nm}/A_{420 nm}与A₃/A₂（600~700 nm与460~480 nm波段下的积分面积之比）之间呈显著正相关,A_{465 nm}/A_{665 nm}、S_R〔光谱斜率比,S_g（275~295 nm）/S_g（350~400 nm）〕、A₂/A₁（460~480 nm与260~280 nm波段下的积分面积之比）与A₃/A₁（600~700 nm与260~280 nm波段下的积分面积之比）之间也均呈显著正相关,而二者之间呈负相关,表明蘑菇湖水体中DOM的腐殖化水平与有机质的相对分子质量、芳香度以及苯环碳骨架的聚合程度等密切相关. ③CCA（canonical correspond analysis,典范对应分析）结果发现,蘑菇湖水体采样点与DOM的芳香度、腐殖化程度存在一定的相关性,与皮尔逊相关性分析结果相似.研究显示,UV-Vis、紫外吸收光谱指数、多元统计分析能够在一定程度上表征蘑菇湖水体DOM的分子量、芳香度以及腐殖化程度.      

Cattle manure biochar and earthworm interactively affected CO2 and N2O emissions in agricultural and forest soils: Observation of a distinct difference

• Earthworms increase CO₂ and N₂O emissions in agricultural and forest soil. • 10% biochar suppresses CO₂ and N₂O emissions in forest soil. • Biochar interacted with earthworm to significant affect CO₂ and N₂O emissions. The application of manure-derived biochar offers an alternative to avoid the direct application of manure to soil causing greenhouse gas emission. Soil fauna, especially earthworms, can markedly stimulate carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from soil. This study therefore investigated the effect of cattle manure biochar (added at rates of 0, 2%, or 10%, coded as BC0, BC2 and BC10, respectively) application, with or without earthworm Aporrectodea turgida, on emissions of CO₂ and N₂O and changes of physic-chemical properties of agricultural and forest soils in a laboratory incubation experiment. The BC10 treatment significantly enhanced cumulative CO₂ emissions by 27.9% relative to the untreated control in the agricultural soil. On the contrary, the BC2 and BC10 treatments significantly reduced cumulative CO₂ emissions by 16.3%–61.1% and N₂O emissions by 92.9%–95.1% compared to the untreated control in the forest soil. The addition of earthworm alone significantly enhanced the cumulative CO₂ and N₂O fluxes in agricultural and forest soils. Cumulative CO₂ and N₂O fluxes were significantly increased when BC2 and BC10 were applied with earthworm in the agricultural soil, but were significantly reduced when BC10 was applied with earthworm in the forest soil. Our study demonstrated that biochar application interacted with earthworm to affect CO₂ and N₂O emissions, which were also dependent on the soil type involved. Our study suggests that manure biochar application rate and use of earthworm need to be carefully studied for specific soil types to maximize the climate change mitigation potential of such management practices.     

重大危险源辨识标准修订的探讨

20世纪 70年代以来 ,重大工业事故不断发生,给人们正常的生产、生活造成巨大的威胁和伤害,从而引起国际社会的广泛重视 ,预防重大工业事故成为各国社会、经济和技术发展的重点研究对象之一.     

大力发展循环经济促进区域经济持续发展

党中央在科学总结国内外发展经验教训和充分吸收人类文明进步成果的基础上,提出了科学发展观。这是对经济、社会、自然发展规律认识的不断深化,是发展观念上的伟大创新,是对马克思主义发展观的最新贡献。从某种意义上讲,科学发展观源于可持续发展战略,可持续发展又源于环境保护。大力发展循环经济,是落实科学发展观的现实载体,是促进区域经济持续发展的必然途径,是调整结构、走新型工业化道路的战略选择。循环经济作为一种新的技术范式,一种新的生产力发展方式,为实施新型工业化开辟了新的道路。发展循环经济,就是要用循环经济理念指导和规…     

低温热碱破解低有机质污泥及磷形态分析

以低温热碱破解低有机质污泥,考察了不同热碱条件下低有机质污泥破解情况,通过DNA释放量分析了污泥细胞破解效果,同时,研究了污泥中磷形态分布与变化。结果表明,从污泥破解程度（DD）与DNA释放量来看,热碱联合可强化污泥破解,而pH比温度起更重要作用,尤其对污泥破解释磷起关键作用。高pH条件下,污泥中有机磷（OP）和非磷灰石无机磷（NAIP）以磷酸盐的形式大量溶解,而磷酸盐与钙离子反应导致磷灰石（AP）含量升高。研究认为,仅加碱pH=13即可有效破解低有机质污泥,操作简单,有利于污泥减量,且磷回收潜力大。