孔雀石绿脱色菌M6的脱色特性与系统发育分析

研究了温度、初始菌细胞数、孔雀石绿浓度、振荡速度对脱色菌M6脱色孔雀石绿的影响,并通过邻接法对脱色菌M6进行了系统发育分析。结果表明:(1)脱色菌M6对孔雀石绿脱色的最佳温度为30℃,最佳振荡速度为200 r/min。(2)随着初始菌细胞数的增大,脱色菌M6对孔雀石绿的脱色率明显升高。当初始菌细胞数为1.5×102~1.5×106cfu/mL时,脱色菌M6对孔雀石绿的脱色率均不低于86.92%;当初始菌细胞数大于1.5×104cfu/mL时,脱色率均高于90%。(3)当孔雀石绿质量浓度为12.5~400.0 mg/L时,脱色菌M6对孔雀石绿具有良好的脱色特性,脱色率均在93%以上。(4)脱色菌M6的16S rDNA序列与GenBank基因库中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)菌株的16S rDNA序列有98%~99%的高度同源性,而且与恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudo-monas putida)菌株JM9(登录号:FJ493139.1)的亲缘关系最近。     

可再生能源电力外部效益量化及系统评价

在系统解析可再生能源电力外部效益的基础上,深入探讨了可再生能源发电在能源、环境、经济和社会等系统的贡献,研究有效的方法来货币量化和测量可再生能源发电的外部效益,并构建了可再生能源电力外部效益系统评价指标体系,为制定具有可持续性和成本效益的可再生能源政策提供了有力支持,最后指出可再生能源外部效益量化下一步研究中需要解决的难点问题。     

一株亚硝酸盐降解菌的分离鉴定与系统发育分析

从水产养殖污泥中分离筛选了一株优良的亚硝酸盐降解菌AQ-3,其在1.0×107 cfu/mL时对50mg/L亚硝酸盐的去除率高达99.47%。通过细菌自动鉴定系统(API ID32GN系统)以及16SrDNA系统发育分析,菌株AQ-3被鉴定为鲍曼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)(JF751054),其16SrDNA序列与基因库中不动杆菌属菌株的16SrDNA序列有99%的同源性,而且与鲍曼氏不动杆菌菌株14(FJ907197)的亲缘关系最近。此外,菌株AQ-3同时含有nirS基因、nirK基因和norB基因,这些基因对AQ-3高效降解亚硝酸盐具有重要的意义。     

一体化生物膜技术处理滨海农村污水

对厌氧-3级好氧/缺氧生物膜工艺进行技术改进,并对改进后的"一体化生物膜技术"处理低碳氮比农村生活污水进行了实际应用。新工艺增设了回流泵(回流比2∶1),且厌氧段悬浮填料装填率由原来的15%提高到30%,3级好氧/缺氧段YDT型弹性立体填料装填率依次由原来的50%、40%、25%提高到70%、60%和40%。装置连续稳定运行12个月,平均进水量为18 m3/d,HRT为3.7 d,监测结果表明:对COD、BOD、NH3-N、TN、TP和SS平均去除率分别为75.6%、85.9%、86.7%、63.9%、69.3%和85.5%;出水COD、BOD、NH3-N、TN、TP和SS的平均浓度分别在34.9、8.9、3.4、9.9、0.9和6.9 mg/L以下。改进后出水BOD和TN的去除能力有较大提高,除TP外其他各项指标均达到了设计要求。     

江苏省海洋功能区划实施评价指标体系与方法

综合评价现行江苏省海洋功能区划实施基本情况,能够全面检测区划实施和管理中的成效与不足,进一步提高新一轮区划编制的实效性和科学性,从而增强新一轮区划对沿海地区经济社会发展的调控作用。基于海洋功能区划的特殊性和对数模型效用函数综合评价法的可行性,从区划的执行情况、协调情况、实施效益和实施影响等4个方面,设计了16个具有代表性的指标用于定量评价江苏省海洋功能区划实施基本情况。结果表明,对数模型效用函数综合评价法简便、操作性强,可信度高,评价的结果与现实情况吻合度高。现行江苏省海洋功能区划的实施情况总体良好,区划得到了有效的执行,与全国海洋功能区划和全省海洋经济发展规划协调度高,产生了显著的经济、社会与生态效益     

大型水生植物对骆马湖氮磷元素及磷酸酶活性的影响

在骆马湖中选择有大型水生植物生长区域及无草对照区,测定主要水质指标,采集沉积物柱状样,分层测定沉积物氮磷元素含量及磷酸酶活性,探讨大型水生植物对骆马湖生态系统中氮磷元素及磷酸酶活性影响特征,结果表明：（1）大型水生植物生长区上覆水透明度明显高于对照(CK),是对照(CK)19倍;但有草区凯氏氮(KN)、可溶性氮(DN)含量低于对照(CK),方差分析表明二者差异极显著(〖WTBX〗p〖WTBZ〗≤001);（2）大型水生植物生长能降低磷酸酶的活性,有草区不同深度沉积物酸（碱）磷酸酶活性总体小于对照(CK),但沉积物表层磷酸酶活性最强;（3）有草区不同深度沉积物TP含量低于对照(CK),但有草区表层沉积物凯氏氮(KN)含量高于对照(CK ).     

长庆气田甲醇污水水质特点分析

长庆气田天然气开采加工过程中产生的甲醇污水水质复杂,区域差异大,只有正确认识甲醇污水水质特点,才能有针对性地进行甲醇污水处理工艺设计及运行管理,确保系统平稳、安全运行。文章分析了靖边气田、榆林气田、苏里格气田甲醇污水水质特点,对以上气田水质进行综合比较。应根据含醇污水水质特点,随着水质的变化进行相应的工艺调整。     

Enhancement of chlorophenol sorption on soil by geophagous earthworms (Metaphire guillelmi)

Earthworms are the dominant soil biomass of many terrestrial ecosystems and markedly influence the physico-chemical and biological properties of soil; however, little is known about the effects of earthworm activities on the environmental behavior of micropollutants in soil. We studied the sorption and desorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol on geophagous earthworm (anecic Metaphire guillelmi) casts of various aging times and on the parent soil. The casts were characteristic of lower pH and higher content of fine particles (silt and clay) than the parent soil. The sorption of the chlorophenols on the soil and casts were well fitted to linear isotherms, with sorption capacity in the order of pentachlorophenol > 2,4-dichlorophenol > 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The sorption on the cast with different aging time was quite similar and was higher than on the parent soil. The sorption on the soil did not change between pH 7.07 of the soil and pH 6.76 of the casts. The desorption hysteresis of the chlorophenols on the soil and casts was compound specific and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol showed the highest hysteresis. The higher sorption capacity of the casts was not owing to the lowered pH of the casts, but mainly to the higher fine particles in the casts and the possible changes of nature of the soil organic matter through the earthworm gut passage. Our results indicate that geophagous earthworms may change sorption behavior and thus the bioavailability and transport of chlorophenols in soil. Earthworm effects should be considered when evaluating the environmental behavior and risk of organic pollutants in the ecosystems where earthworms are abundant.     

Distribution, source and risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in urban soils of Beijing, China

The concentration of PCBs in urban soils of Beijing across six land types including business districts (BD), cultural and educational areas (CE), classical gardens (CG), public green (PG), residential areas (RA), and roadsides (RD) was investigated. The total concentrations of PCBs ranged from below method detection limit (M.D.L.) to 37.11 × 10⁻³ mg kg⁻¹ dry weight (mean: 11.70 × 10⁻³ mg kg⁻¹; median: 13.28 × 10⁻³ mg kg⁻¹), which was at a medium level compared with other cities around the world. In general, the levels of PCBs decreased from the center of Beijing city to the suburb, suggesting the increasing PCBs concentrations with the age of the urban area. For different types of land use, the highest level of PCBs was observed in CG soils which have the oldest age, and the homologue profiles were similar, which were predominated by lowly chlorinated congeners including di-, tri- and tetra-CBs. Principal component analysis indicated that local sources such as Aroclor 1016, 1242, and 1248 were important sources in addition to long-range transport of PCBs all over the world. Although the toxic equivalency (TEQ) concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in all soil samples of Beijing were higher than those in other urban areas of China, they met the Canadian soil quality standard.     

白腐真菌对受喹啉污染模拟土壤的生物修复研究

通过引入白腐真菌对受喹啉污染的模拟土壤进行生物修复.结果表明,白腐真菌对受喹啉污染土壤的生物修复是可行的;土壤含水率升高,喹啉去除率提高;投菌量越大,喹啉的去除效果越显著;不同pH土壤中的白腐真菌对喹啉降解差异不大,添加木屑能为白腐真菌提供额外的营养源,对土壤中喹啉的降解起到了促进作用.