降温过程中生物膜CANON反应器的运行特征

本文以低温高氨氮废水为着眼点,通过不断地调节运行工况,探讨降温过程中全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺的运行特征,以探索出低温环境下进水NH_4~+-N浓度较高时,CANON工艺获得稳定短程硝化和良好脱氮效果的方法.结果表明:①相较于直接将生物膜CANON反应器的温度条件由中温转变为低温(30℃±1℃→19℃),逐步降温驯化更有利于脱氮功能菌适应低温环境,且每次降温的幅度应尽量减小,同时还应配合运行工况的调节;②温度经25 d逐步降低至19℃左右,18 d后又继续降至15℃左右,NH_4~+-N和TN去除率均能分别长期稳定在90%、70%以上,甚至当温度下降至12℃时,TN去除率与去除负荷仍能分别达到72. 52%、0. 78 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1);③降温过程中驯化生物膜CANON污泥时,应优先考虑短程硝化控制.可通过维持一定的剩余NH_4~+-N浓度并严格控制DO浓度,以抑制NOB的活性,从而获得稳定的短程硝化效果.     

有机污染物生物有效性的评价方法

环境中有机污染物的生物有效性评价对生物修复、生态毒性和环境风险研究有着重要的意义.本文概括了影响有机污染物生物有效性的因素,综述了近年来有机污染物生物有效性评价方法的发展与应用,并对该领域的研究趋势进行了展望.     

Accumulation and remobilization of metals in superficial sediments in Tianjin, China

The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in superficial sediment samples collected from three representative sites (Yuqiao Reservoir, Haihe River, and Haihe River Estuary) in Tianjin, North China, were analyzed using various single extraction and sequential extraction procedures to determine their remobilization, extractability, and distribution patterns. Sediments from the Haihe River had higher metal concentrations and geo-accumulation indices, especially for Cd and Zn, than sediments from the other two sites, suggesting that the Haihe River has been heavily influenced by anthropogenic activities. In addition, over 31% and 28.2% of the total Cd in the Haihe River and the Yuqiao Reservoir, respectively, and 18.2% of the total Zn in the Haihe River were found to be associated with the exchangeable form, indicating the significant remobilization of Cd and Zn when compared with Cr and Ni. However, over 98% of the Ni and 78% of the Cr were most closely associated with the residue and oxidizable fractions, which resulted in their becoming environmentally immobile. Based on the Environmental Protection Agency method 3050B, Cd and Zn had the greatest extraction efficiency when a single extraction procedure using 0.5-mol L^???1 HCl, 0.43-mol L^???1 HAcO, and 0.05-mol L^???1 ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid was conducted, with extraction yields of up to 72%, 68%, and 56% for Cd and 50%, 49%, and 29% for Zn, respectively, being obtained for the Haihe River sediments. This was followed by the yields of Cu and Pb and, finally, those of unpolluted metals such as Cr and Ni. HCl and acetic acid extraction provided equivalent information for predicting Cd and Zn mobility in the sediments studied and produced suitable results for quick screening.     

一种负载型生物载体的制备及性能研究

为强化载体表面生物膜的活性,研究以水性聚氨酯(waterborne polyurethane)为介质制备负载电气石的聚氨酯(tourmaline on polyurethane,TPU)载体.用扫描电镜(SEM)和持水倍率表征载体的物理性能,并且考察TPU载体对挂膜量及硝化能力的影响.结果表明,水溶性聚氨酯浓度能够影响TPU载体对电气石的负载量,导入电气石可以优化TPU载体上极性基团的数量以及环境pH值,亚硝酸菌和硝酸菌在TPU载体上的不可逆附着量分别提高了74.82%和71.89%.与未投载体相比,NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率分别提高了8.12%和9.08%,表明优化的TPU载体能促进硝化作用.     

Health and economic impacts from PM2.5 pollution transfer attributed to domestic trade in China: a provincial-level analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In recent years, severe air pollution has had a serious impact on the health and economy of residents and has attracted great attention. Due to the...     

Trichloroethylene degradation by PVA-coated calcium peroxide nanoparticles in Fe(II)-based catalytic systems: enhanced performance by citric acid and nanoscale iron sulfide

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the enhanced trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation performance was investigated by polyvinyl alcohol coated calcium peroxide...     

内蒙古生物质热电联产的效益研究

本文从生物质热电联产的必要性作为切入点,从经济、社会、生态效益三个方面分析了内蒙古发展生物质能热电联产的综合效益.     

船舶造成大气污染的控制

根据MARPOL 73/ 78公约附则Ⅵ《防止船舶造成空气污染规则》 ,结合陆上有关大气污染防治技术 ,对船舶造成大气污染控制的现状进行讨论 ,并对中国在该附则生效前应做工作提出了建议