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61.
Influences of adding easily degradable organic waste on the minimization and humification of organic matter during straw composting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yi N. Shan Jin H. Chen Lei Wang Fan Li Xiao H. Fu Yi Q. Le 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):384-392
To find a better composting process with low greenhouse gas emission and high humus production, the effect of adding kitchen waste on reduction and humification of organic matter during straw composting was studied. Three processes were compared, consisting of different ratios of straw and kitchen waste (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1). At four time points over a 62-d incubation, the reduction and humification of compost was evaluated by measuring the total mass, carbon content, and humic material content of the compost. Treatment 1 (straw/kitchen waste ratio of 1:2) reduced the total mass of compost the most. Treatment 2 (straw/kitchen waste ratio of 1:1) reduced the total carbon content the most, reflecting the highest emission of greenhouse gas. Treatment 3 produced the most humic acid material and released the lowest amount of carbon. Hence, from the point of view of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing stable organic matter such as humus and humic acid during composting, treatment #3 was optimal. The three treatments resulted in significant differences in microbial biomass and enzyme activity during composting. The highest amount of active microbial biomass was associated with the largest reduction in compost mass (treatment 1). Higher proportions of straw (treatments 2 and 3), which contains more lignin, were associated with greater β-glycosidase activity, which may generate more humus that can improve soil quality. Dehydrogenase activity seemed to be the most important microbial factor in organic carbon catabolism or humification. 相似文献
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65.
Hung-Hui Chen Liang-Cheng Chang Hsin-Yu Shan Jui-Pin Tsai 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(6):715-728
The hysteresis of capillary pressure versus saturation (P–S) relation is an important constitutive relation in multiphase flow, since the P–S relation is widely used to predict P–S relations in the simulation of the non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). This work examined the performance of the scaling rule
on predicting the P–S relationship and then studied the joint impact of the scaling and hysteresis on the multiphase NAPL flow simulation. Various
experimental P–S values of distinct fluid pairs were compared with the scaled P–S curves using the scaling rule. The comparison indicated that the prediction of P–S is more accurate when the water–air P–S curve is used to scale other P–S curves. The joint impact of the scaling and hysteresis on the NAPLs flow simulation was then investigated by numerical simulation
studies. The NAPL simulator was used to simulate the outcome of several scenarios based on a system with water–NAPL–air in
a hypothetical sand tank. For both gasoline and trichloroethylene, the difference of the injected NAPL volume between no hysteretic
and hysteretic simulations over a given time period was the smallest when the water–air P–S curve was used to scale other P–S curves. Simulation results of this study are valuable references for predicting the distribution of NAPLs. 相似文献
66.
研究了PAN—S浸渍树脂对Co^2+的吸附性能。Co^2+吸附pH值范围为4.7—9.2,最佳pH值为5.4;达到最大吸附容量需25min,树脂对Co^2+平衡吸附容量是98mg/g干树脂,达到最大吸附容量平衡时用0.1mol/L的HNO,洗脱,洗脱率达98%。该方法建立了PAN—S-树脂富集一分离钴离子的分光光度测定方法,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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Zhang Y Chen Z Zhu B Luo X Guan Y Guo S Nie Y 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,147(1-3):327-337
The objective of this study is to develop techniques for assessing and analysing land desertification in Yulin of Northwest China, as a typical monitoring region through the use of remotely sensed data and geographic information systems (GIS). The methodology included the use of Landsat TM data from 1987, 1996 and 2006, supplemented by aerial photos in 1960, topographic maps, field work and use of other existing data. From this, land cover, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), farmland, woodland and grassland maps at 1:100,000 were prepared for land desertification monitoring in the area. In the study, all data was entered into a GIS using ILWIS software to perform land desertification monitoring. The results indicate that land desertification in the area has been developing rapidly during the past 40 years. Although land desertification has to some extent been controlled in the area by planting grasses and trees, the issue of land desertification is still serious. The study also demonstrates an example of why the integration of remote sensing with GIS is critical for the monitoring of environmental changes in arid and semi-arid regions, e.g. in land desertification monitoring in the Yulin pilot area. However, land desertification monitoring using remote sensing and GIS still needs to be continued and also refined for the purpose of long-term monitoring and the management of fragile ecosystems in the area. 相似文献
68.
Yan Yan Peng Shan Chenxing Wang Yuan Quan Di Wu Chunli Zhao Gang Wu Hongbing Deng 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(4):191
Sustainable urban development focuses on enhancing urban well-being, while also balancing the demands of urban social and economic development, natural resource consumption, and environmental pollution. This work used general data envelopment analysis to assess the urban sustainability efficiency (USE) and sustainability potential (SP) in Lanzhou and Xiamen, two cities that are characteristic of urban areas in western and eastern China. The assessment indicator system included important natural and urban welfare factors as input and output indices, respectively. The results showed that overall urban sustainability efficiency increased in Lanzhou and Xiamen from 1985 to 2010, but that the sustainability of natural resources clearly decreased. The urban sustainability efficiency of Xiamen was higher than that of Lanzhou, and the sustainability potential of Xiamen was lower than that of Lanzhou; this indicates that Xiamen performed better in terms of urban sustainable development. The urban sustainability efficiency in Xiamen has increased with increasing urban population, and the rate and scale of economic development have been higher than in Lanzhou. The assessment and analysis performed in this study show that cities with different natural resources and development characteristics have different forms, patterns, and trajectories of sustainable development. 相似文献
69.
开发和利用秸秆生物质能对促进社会经济的发展和改善生态环境具有重大意义.内蒙古是农作物秸秆资源蕴含丰富的省区,本文通过对内蒙古秸秆生物质资源现状分析的基础上,简单介绍了生物质热电产业状况和良好的政策环境,探讨内蒙古发展秸秆生物质热电产业的优势. 相似文献
70.
掘进巷道粉尘控制技术的研究 总被引:19,自引:4,他引:15
针对掘进巷道的特点,研制了一种高效实用的自激式水浴水膜除尘器,并对其结构、除尘过程和与掘进机相配套的方式进行了研究分析。还对掘进巷道中的产尘源进行了调查和分析,认为掘进巷道的防尘方法:应先采用掘进机头的内外喷雾,然后采用长压短抽的通风除尘系统和利用除尘器将含尘空气进行净化;对转载点除尘采用简易闭密罩加喷雾;对巷道周壁的粉尘采用喷洒粘尘剂固尘,才能有效地降低整个巷道的粉尘浓度。 相似文献