氮掺杂石墨碳包埋Fe0复合材料的制备及活化过硫酸盐性能研究

采用"水热+热解"两步法制备介孔碳复合零价铁材料（Fe@HC）作为过硫酸盐（PS）活化剂，生成强氧化的活性物质，进而降解偶氮类染料活性黑5（RB5）.同时，采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、比表面测试仪（BET）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对制备的复合材料进行表征，并考察了Fe@HC投加量、PS投加量、pH值及阴离子对活化PS去除RB5的影响.结果表明，采用"水热+热解"两步法成功制备了Fe@HC，其比表面积为280.7 m²·g^-1，平均孔径约为5.1 nm，BJH吸附累积总孔体积为0.284 cm³·g^-1.相对于单独的Fe@HC和PS，Fe@HC和PS共同存在可高效地去除RB5，脱色率为99.24%，且萘环破坏效率也达到了61.76%.RB5整体去除效果随Fe@HC、PS投加量的增大而提升，Fe@HC/PS体系在pH=3~11范围内对RB5的萘环破坏效率及脱色效率始终高于62%及86%，Cl^-和SO₄^2-对去除效率的影响较小，Fe@HC展示出良好的环境抗干扰能力.Fe@HC活化PS去除RB5的机理主要是体系中¹O₂的氧化降解作用.Fe@HC循环再生性能好.     

青岛市大气NO2浓度影响因素的分析及预测研究

利用灰色系统理论的灰色关联度分析法,对影响青岛市大气NO2浓度的影响因子进行定量分析,同时建立了大气NO2浓度的灰色GM(1,1)预测模型,对青岛市大气NO2浓度进行了预测.结果表明,影响青岛市大气NO2浓度的第一位因素是耗煤量,其次是绿化覆盖率,未来五年内青岛市大气NO2浓度呈平稳下降趋势.为今后青岛市制定大气环境规划、防治大气污染提供了科学依据.     

磁性树脂预处理对粉末活性炭吸附水中卡马西平的影响

通过磁性树脂预处理,来提高粉末活性炭(PAC)应对水源水中突发以卡马西平(CBZ)为代表的PPCPs类有机物污染风险的能力.结果显示,Freundlich吸附模型可以更好描述PAC对CBZ的吸附规律;假一级动力学对CBZ吸附动力学过程模拟结果良好,假二级动力学更适合模拟时间大于1h的吸附过程;200~300目PAC具有较大的吸附容量和较快的吸附速率;在模拟配水试验中,磁性树脂与PAC联用相比单独使用PAC时,DOC去除率提高了40.64%,UV254去除率提高了41.27%,CBZ去除率提高了14.72%.在去除水中有机污染物过程中,磁性树脂与PAC间存在协同作用,磁性树脂预处理强化了PAC对CBZ的去除效果.     

松花江依兰江段地表水监测断面污染状况分析

在连续三年监测数据基础上,用单项污染指数,综合污染指数和污染负荷分担率及历史数据均值偏差估算等方法,对五个监测断面的污染状况进行评价,得出科学的评价结论.     

高速公路路面径流水质特性及排污规律

采用现场连续取样,在雨天某一时段对西安至临潼高速公路路面径流排水进行了监测.结果表明,高速公路路面排水具有较高的污染强度,污染物以SS和COD为主,且生物可降解性较差.水质参数SS、COD、总Pb、总Zn之间存在较好的线性相关关系.分析探讨了路面径流污染物排放规律及其对河流水质的影响.     

Enhanced cytotoxicity of pentachlorophenol by perfluorooctane sulfonate or perfluorooctanoic acid in HepG2 cells

Chlorinated phenols and perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are two kinds of pollutants which are widely present in the environment. Considering liver is the primary toxic target organ for these two groups of chemicals, it is interesting to evaluate the possible joint effects of them on liver. In this work, the combined toxicity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were investigated using HepG2 cells. The results indicated that PFOS and PFOA could strengthen PCP’s hepatotoxicity. Further studies showed that rather than intensify the oxidative stress or promote the biotransformation of PCP, PFOS (or PFOA) might lead to strengthening of the oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling of PCP. By measuring the intracellular PCP concentration and the cell membrane properties, it was suggested that PFOS and PFOA could disrupt the plasma membrane and increase the membrane permeability. Thus, more cellular accessibility of PCP was induced when they were co-exposed to PCP and PFOS (or PFOA), leading to increased cytotoxicity. Further research is warranted to better understand the combined toxicity of PFAAs and other environmental pollutants.     

Relationship between the extractable metals from soils and metals taken up by maize roots and shoots

Two extraction procedures, i.e. a single extraction procedure using low-molecular-weight-organic-acids (LMWOAs) as extractant and a sequential extraction procedure recommended by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), were performed to extract metal fractions from wet rhizosphere soil. And the extracted soil solutions were further fractionated as colloidal and truly dissolved fractions. Heavy metals in maize roots were experimentally defined as metals adsorbed on cell wall and metals taken up by cross-membrane by washing with CaCl(2). The correlation coefficients between extractable metals from soil and taken up by maize roots and shoots were compared between two extraction methods, and a good correlation was obtained if LMWOAs were used. In contrast, the correlation coefficients were poor when the BCR method was used.     

珠江广州段沉积物中PAHs生态风险的蒙特卡洛模拟

以珠江广州段24个采样站位表层沉积物的实测16种多环芳烃(PAHs)浓度为基础资料,采用基于Logistic混沌迭代序列改进的蒙特卡洛算法对珠江广州段沉积物中PAHs的生态风险发生概率进行了定量分析.研究结果表明:PAHs风险排序从大到小依次是:菲>芘>荧蒽> >苯并[a]蒽>苯并[a]芘>二苯并[a,h]蒽.菲、芘和荧蒽引发水生生态风险概率较大,应重点关注.除菲外,其余6种PAHs暴露浓度对生态风险发生概率的贡献率均超过90%,可见PAHs在本区域环境中的风险大小主要取决于其暴露量.     

Determining cadmium bioavailability in sediment profiles using diffusive gradients in thin films

Cadmium(Cd) uptake by plants or benthic organisms largely depends on its bioavailability in sediments,so it is necessary to understand Cd bio availability for determining its ecological risks in riverine sediments.Pore water is easily disturbed during sample collection,indicating that there was a shortage of traditional methods for investigating Cd bio availability.Here,sediment cores were collected from rivers,after which sequential extraction and diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) method w...     

除草定在土壤中的降解和移动特性研究

除草定是一种新型嘧啶类除草剂,其在环境中的归趋备受关注。采用室内模拟试验方法,研究了除草定在不同土壤中的降解性、吸附性和移动特性。结果表明,除草定在江西红壤、太湖水稻土和东北黑土中的降解半衰期分别为693.1、173.3、138.6 d,该药在土壤中降解较慢,影响其在土壤中降解速率的主要因素为土壤有机质。除草定在江西红壤、太湖水稻土与东北黑土中的吸附较好地符合Freundlich方程,Kd值分别为0.34、1.86和2.94;3种土壤对除草定的吸附过程为自发的物理吸附。薄层层析试验显示,当溶剂展开至11.5 cm处,除草定在江西红壤、太湖水稻土和东北黑土中最远移至8~10 cm处。影响除草定在土壤中吸附性和移动性的主要因素为土壤有机质含量。除草定存在对地下水污染的潜在风险性,使用除草定应该引起足够重视。