石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定染整废水中总锑

建立了全自动石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定染整企业废水中总锑的测定方法。结果表明,锑的质量浓度在0~10 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,R值为0.999 5,方法检出限和测定下限分别为0.003和0.012 mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.17%~2.6%,加标回收率为96.1%~103.8%。该方法操作简单、分析快速,符合技术规范要求。     

钙离子存在下胞外聚合物及其模拟溶液在膜污染中的差异

针对膜生物反应器膜污染的问题,为探究模拟物质替代实际物质的可行性,以胞外聚合物(EPS)及其模拟溶液(BSA+SA)为研究对象,对比了钙离子(Ca~(2+))存在下胞外聚合物及其模拟溶液在膜污染中的差异,考察了EPS-Ca~(2+)和BSA+SA-Ca~(2+)在粒径分布、官能团、流变特性和膜污染行为等方面的差异。结果表明:Ca~(2+)使得溶液粒径变大,且EPS-Ca~(2+)的平均粒径大于BSA+SA-Ca~(2+)的平均粒径;不同官能团与Ca~(2+)发生作用导致红外光谱中特征峰发生偏移;BSA+SA-Ca~(2+)水胶体系结构更稳定,随着应变的增大,胶体结构被破坏的程度较轻;在微滤过程中,相同操作条件下,BSA+SA-Ca~(2+)的膜污染现象更为严重。进一步采用Hermia过滤模型拟合发现,EPSCa~(2+)和BSA+SA-Ca~(2+)分别对中间堵塞模型和滤饼层过滤模型的拟合程度最高。上述结果可为膜污染过程中胞外聚合物及其膜污染机理研究提供参考。     

宁夏电网GIS带电检测现状及典型案例分析

结合宁夏电网GIS带电检测的现状,汇总了漏气缺陷、自由颗粒放电缺陷及悬浮放电缺陷的带电检测典型案例。以联合检测技术在GIS悬浮放电缺陷中的应用为例,讨论了联合检测技术对发现GIS悬浮放电缺陷的意义,为GIS带电检测全过程管控提供建议。     

对啶虫脒污染土壤的生物修复作用简

啶虫脒属于一种新型的氯化烟碱类杀虫剂,被认为是替代有机磷农药的重要品种之一,在世界范围内已经得到了广泛的应用,其在环境中的残留备受关注,利用微生物修复异源污染物是一种有效的措施。在实验室条件下,研究了高效降解菌D-2（噬染料菌属,Pigmentiphaga sp.）对被啶虫脒污染土壤的修复作用及其影响因素。结果表明,降解菌株在未灭菌土壤中的降解效果要略好于灭菌土壤,在土壤外源添加降解菌2×10⁸ cfu/g,温度20~40℃,弱碱性（pH 7.5）的条件下,该菌株能有效降解土壤中1~200 mg/kg的啶虫脒。啶虫脒施用对土壤种群结构有一定的影响,可以刺激细菌和真菌的生长,从而使土壤微生物群落结构发生改变,而降解菌的施用可缓解啶虫脒对土壤微生物的影响,修复受污染土壤。因此,人工接种降解菌D-2可提高土壤中啶虫脒的降解率,有效降低其在土壤中的残留。     

长江口滩涂湿地景观变化对典型水鸟生境适宜性的影响

近年来在海平面上升、长江水沙变化、植被演替等自然因素以及促淤圈围工程、深水航道建设等人为因素的共同作用下,长江口滩涂湿地水鸟适宜生境发生了巨大变化。针对长江口滩涂湿地典型水鸟中的鸻鹬类(Charadriiformes)与雁鸭类(Anseriformes),采用空间多样性指数、人为干扰度等指标研究1980～2010年长江口滩涂湿地景观变化对两类水鸟生境适宜性的影响。结果表明：两类水鸟的不适宜生境、边缘生境、次级生境面积均呈增长趋势,鸻鹬类共增加682 km2,雁鸭类共增加314 km2。而核心生境面积却呈不同的变化趋势,鸻鹬类减少136 km2,雁鸭类增加232 km2,但鸻鹬类和雁鸭类核心生境面积百分比均分别减少566%和194%。1980～2010年鸻鹬类生境适宜性综合评价指数由092下降到053,雁鸭类由089下降到070,鸻鹬类降幅大于雁鸭类。通过定量分析人为干扰度对水鸟生境的影响,发现鸻鹬类对人类干扰更加敏感,中等强度的人类干扰在一定程度上扩大了雁鸭类的适宜生境面积     

对城市雨水地下回灌的分析

城市扩张带来雨水径量增大,排出时间缩短并由此产生一系列后果,对城区雨水回灌地区的效益进行了讨论,分析城区雨水径流水质污污状况及其影响因素,初期雨水径流污染严重,主要受到地面条件,屋面材料,气温,降雨量及降雨强度等影响,根据对雨水水质的研究结果,分析了雨水回灌地下的条件及必要的雨水处理措施,对雨水回灌技术作了简略的论述。     

差示分光光度法在水质监测中的应用

通过测定高浓度氨氮标准品(GSBZ20005—88)的试验,验证了差示分光光度法在测定高浓度样品时的准确度和精密度,说明差示分光光度法在一定情况下能减少多次稀释所带来的误差,可以快速测定高浓度样品。     

Reduction and immobilization of chromium(VI) by nano-scale Fe0 particles supported on reproducible PAA/PVDF membrane

A new class of nano-scale Fe0 particles (NZVI) supported on a PAA/PVDF membrane (NZVI-PAA/PVDF) were synthesized and the feasibility of using NZVI-PAA/PVDF for reductive immobilization of Cr(VI) in water was investigated through laboratory batch tests. The results showed that the Cr(VI) removal capacity of NZVI-PAA/PVDF was 181 mg Cr/g Fe at an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 20 mg L(-1) under pH 6.5 +/- 0.1. XPS results showed that Cr(VI) was converted to nontoxic Cr(III). Interfering ions exerted various degrees of impact on NZVI-PAA/PVDF's Cr(VI) removal capacity. Specifically, Ca2+ alone showed the mildest impact while the presence of ions (Mg2+ and HCO3-) exerted the greatest impact. An advantage of NZVI-PAA/PVDF is that the nano-scale Fe0 and resultant particles were combined within a PAA/PVDF membrane, which prevents secondary pollution. Moreover, a piece of PAA/PVDF membrane (4.7 cm diameter) can still support 6.51 mg of nano-scale Fe0 particles after being renewed.     

Composition, sources, and potential toxicology of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soils in Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

Surface soil (0–20 cm) samples (n?=?143) were collected from vegetable, maize, and paddy farmland used for commercial crops in Liaoning, China. Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed in US Environmental Protection Agency were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a fluorescence detector. The soil concentrations of the 16 PAH ranged from 50 to 3,309 ng/g with a mean of 388 ng/g. The highest concentration of total PAHs found in soil of the vegetable farmland was 448 ng/g in average, followed by maize and paddy with total PAHs of 391 and 331 ng/g, respectively. Generally, the low molecular weight PAHs were more predominant than the high molecular weight PAHs in most of the soils. The evaluation of soil PAH contamination based on the Canadian criterion indicated that only naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were over the target values in several sampling sites. Isomer pair ratios and principal component analysis indicated that biomass and coal combustion were the main sources of PAHs in this area. And the average value of total B[a]Peq concentration in vegetable soils was higher than paddy and maize soils. We suggest that biomass burning should be abolished and commercial farming should be carried out far from the highways to ensure the safety of food products derived from commercial farming.     

碱性消解-伏安极谱法测定土壤中六价铬

分析了汞滴尺寸、支持电介质等因素对碱性消解-伏安极谱法测定土壤中六价铬的影响。在优化实验条件下,该方法检出限为7.65μg/L,相对标准偏差(n=7)为4.6%。以2个样品为例,每个浓度进行6次平行测定,加入六价铬浓度为10μg/L,六价铬的回收率为91.4%~120%,RSD≤5%。与二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法进行比较,2种方法测定值基本一致。