都市型经济开发区生态化建设路径研究

总结了都市型经济开发区的类型和特点,重点分析了都市化经济开发区的生态环境质量制约性因素,提出了从产业生态化建设、土地利用生态化建设、信息现代化建设以及区域环境健康保障体系四个角度分析了生态化建设的路径体系和具体的措施。     

光催化降解馆藏文物环境的低浓度NOx和有机酸

馆藏文物环境中氮氧化物和有机酸对文物材料的破坏性很大,净化难度很大。研究了气-固相下光催化耦合净化馆藏文物环境低浓度NOx与有机酸的效果,探讨了动力学过程。实验结果表明：负载型TiO2/γ-Al2O3光催化剂在可见光照条件下对馆藏文物保护环境下的有机酸和NOx都有良好的降解效果,可达到97%以上。净化效率受到初始浓度的影响较大,但在低浓度下NOx和有机酸之间没有明显的竞争抑制作用,光催化反应过程遵循表观一级反应动力学。     

Effects of various pretreatment methods on mixed microflora to enhance biohydrogen production from corn stover hydrolysate

Effects on mixed microflora to enhance biohydrogen production from corn stover hydrolysate was studied.     

碱性消解-伏安极谱法测定土壤中六价铬

分析了汞滴尺寸、支持电介质等因素对碱性消解-伏安极谱法测定土壤中六价铬的影响。在优化实验条件下,该方法检出限为7.65μg/L,相对标准偏差(n=7)为4.6%。以2个样品为例,每个浓度进行6次平行测定,加入六价铬浓度为10μg/L,六价铬的回收率为91.4%~120%,RSD≤5%。与二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法进行比较,2种方法测定值基本一致。     

Composition, sources, and potential toxicology of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soils in Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

Surface soil (0–20 cm) samples (n?=?143) were collected from vegetable, maize, and paddy farmland used for commercial crops in Liaoning, China. Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed in US Environmental Protection Agency were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a fluorescence detector. The soil concentrations of the 16 PAH ranged from 50 to 3,309 ng/g with a mean of 388 ng/g. The highest concentration of total PAHs found in soil of the vegetable farmland was 448 ng/g in average, followed by maize and paddy with total PAHs of 391 and 331 ng/g, respectively. Generally, the low molecular weight PAHs were more predominant than the high molecular weight PAHs in most of the soils. The evaluation of soil PAH contamination based on the Canadian criterion indicated that only naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were over the target values in several sampling sites. Isomer pair ratios and principal component analysis indicated that biomass and coal combustion were the main sources of PAHs in this area. And the average value of total B[a]Peq concentration in vegetable soils was higher than paddy and maize soils. We suggest that biomass burning should be abolished and commercial farming should be carried out far from the highways to ensure the safety of food products derived from commercial farming.     

人发中微量钴的分光光度测定

本文应用显色剂5-(2＇-噻唑偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯(简称2,4-TADAT)测定了人发中的钴,方法操作方便、选择性好,获得满意结果.     

Reduction and immobilization of chromium(VI) by nano-scale Fe0 particles supported on reproducible PAA/PVDF membrane

A new class of nano-scale Fe0 particles (NZVI) supported on a PAA/PVDF membrane (NZVI-PAA/PVDF) were synthesized and the feasibility of using NZVI-PAA/PVDF for reductive immobilization of Cr(VI) in water was investigated through laboratory batch tests. The results showed that the Cr(VI) removal capacity of NZVI-PAA/PVDF was 181 mg Cr/g Fe at an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 20 mg L(-1) under pH 6.5 +/- 0.1. XPS results showed that Cr(VI) was converted to nontoxic Cr(III). Interfering ions exerted various degrees of impact on NZVI-PAA/PVDF's Cr(VI) removal capacity. Specifically, Ca2+ alone showed the mildest impact while the presence of ions (Mg2+ and HCO3-) exerted the greatest impact. An advantage of NZVI-PAA/PVDF is that the nano-scale Fe0 and resultant particles were combined within a PAA/PVDF membrane, which prevents secondary pollution. Moreover, a piece of PAA/PVDF membrane (4.7 cm diameter) can still support 6.51 mg of nano-scale Fe0 particles after being renewed.     

硒与氟离子对美丽猛水蚤的联合毒性

为了探讨硒氟共存的毒性变化机制,按硒与氟离子１：１０、１：２０、和１：３０三个浓度配比进行硒与氟对美丽猛水蚤的联合毒性实验,结果表明,硒与氟对美丽猛水蚤的单一毒性：９６ｈ Ｓｅ＾４＋ＬＣ５０为９．２（７．４－１５）ｍｇ／Ｌ,９６ｈ Ｆ＾－ＬＣ５０为２９０（２８４－２９６）ｍｇ／Ｌ;硒与氟的联合毒性为拮抗作用,美丽猛水蚤是毒物联合毒性研究的优秀实验生物,毒性单位法及相加指数法都是测定水中毒物联合毒性     

吸附气泡分离法脱除废水中微量表面活性剂的数学模型

根据Ｒ．Ｌｅｍｌｉｃｈ提出的吸附气泡分离理论，运用集总参数模型，在连续稳态操作条件下研究了废水中微量表面活性剂ＣＴＡ－Ｂｒ的吸附气泡脱除方法，求得了实验条件下吸附塔中表面活性剂浓度的轴向分布函数及该过程的传质扩散参数。结论表明，在该脱除过程中，废水中表面活性剂的涡流扩散系数远比其分子扩散系数大。脱除过程速率主要受气。液界面液膜侧表面活性剂在膜内的分子扩散速率控制。     

环境浓度下壬基酚对秀丽隐杆线虫时间依赖性的毒性兴奋效应

为研究暴露时间对壬基酚生态毒理学效应的影响,选取秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)作为受试生物,采用急性(24 h和72 h)、慢性(10 d) 3个不同时间点,进行壬基酚环境浓度下(0、0.0001、0.001、0.01、0.1、0.2 mg·L~(-1))的暴露实验,以秀丽隐杆线虫的生理指标(体长、运动行为)、生化指标(氧化应激、细胞凋亡、脂褐素)为终点进行评估。结果表明:急性暴露24 h后,活性氧自由基(ROS)在0.01 mg·L~(-1)时即出现了明显的下降,其他生理生化指标无统计学意义上的明显变化。72 h暴露条件下,体长随壬基酚浓度的增加呈现倒U型趋势,在0.0001 mg·L-1时表现出最大刺激效应,比对照组高出26.4%(P0.01);头部摆动频率和身体弯曲频率在2个较高浓度(0.1和0.2 mg·L~(-1))时表现出明显的刺激效应;细胞凋亡水平在0.0001 mg·L~(-1)时显著性下降,呈现负剂量-效应关系(P0.05),在0.2 mg·L~(-1)时表现出最大刺激效应,比对照组降低了45.5%; ROS及脂褐素在壬基酚暴露浓度范围内呈正相关性增加。慢性暴露条件下,脂褐素在0.001 mg·L~(-1)时表现出最大效应,和对照组相比下降了65.4%,并且随着壬基酚浓度的增加呈现U型趋势;其他生理生化指标随着壬基酚浓度的增加表现出明显的负面效应。研究揭示了环境浓度水平的壬基酚对秀丽隐杆线虫的生态毒理效应是时间依赖性的,急性暴露以引起刺激作用为主,表现为毒性兴奋效应,而长期暴露后壬基酚对生理生化指标的负面效应更为明显。上述结果为进行壬基酚的毒性评价及更好地理解其毒性作用机理提供基础数据。