Acute toxicity, biochemical and gene expression responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to polycyclic musks

Phytoremediation is a novel and promising approach for the treatment of pollutants. This study did explore the potential of Aster amellus Linn. to decolorize a sulfonated azo dye Remazol Red (RR), a mixture of dyes and a textile effluent. Induction in the activities of lignin peroxidase, tyrosinase, veratryl alcohol oxidase and riboflavin reductase was observed during RR decolorization, suggesting their involvement in the metabolism of RR. UV-Visible absorption spectrum, HPLC and FTIR analysis confirmed the degradation of RR. Four metabolites after the degradation of the dye were identified as 2-[(3-diazenylphenyl) sulfonyl] ethanesulfonate, 4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate and 3-(1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)benzenesulfonate by using GC/MS. Textile effluent and mixture of dyes showed 47% and 62% decrease respectively in American Dye Manufacturers Institute value. BOD of textile effluent and mixture of dyes were reduced by 75% and 48% respectively, COD of industrial effluent and mixture of dyes was reduced by 60% and 75% and TOC was reduced by 54% and 69% respectively after the treatment by A. amellus for 60 h; this indicated that the plant can be used for cleaning textile effluents. Toxicity study revealed the phytotransformation of RR into non-toxic products.     

好氧硝化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器性能和膜污染研究

实验研究了好氧硝化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器AGMBR的处理性能,并将其与活性污泥膜生物反应器ASMBR进行对比,考察了颗粒污泥在减缓膜污染中所起的作用.好氧硝化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器AGMBR连续稳定运行102 d,系统具有良好的去除有机物和同时硝化反硝化能力,在进水COD和NH+4-N浓度分别为500和200 mg/L时,COD、NH+4-N和TN的去除率分别稳定在86%、94%和45%以上.颗粒污泥有效减缓了膜污染,延长了膜清洗的周期,AGMBR中的膜污染以膜孔堵塞为主,占总阻力的64.81%;滤饼层的阻力为2.1×1012m-1,远小于ASMBR中的16.07×10"m-1;膜清洗周期是相同条件下ASMBR的2.43倍以上;而且AGMBR内不断有新颗粒生成,维持了AGMBR系统性能和运行的稳定.     

GIS罐体内部异物清理机器人的研发与应用

针对气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备( gas insulated switchgear, GIS)内部异物颗粒引起设备内部电场畸变,从而造成设备闪络故障问题,通过对异物颗粒的产生原因及影响因素进行分析,研制了一种GIS罐体内部异物颗粒清理机器人,实现了GIS设备内部可视化异物清理功能。应用结果表明:机器人检测不仅提高了750kV GIS内部缺陷检查的效率,而且保证了检测人员的安全,为GIS状态检修提供了有效技术支持。     

高碱度水库水混凝过程中残留铝控制

针对高碱度水库水源的某水厂残留铝超标问题,选取碱化度(B)与Alb含量不同的3种铝盐絮凝剂,研究不同投量与pH值下混凝效果与残留铝浓度水平。结果表明,碱化度和Alb含量显著影响混凝效果。DOC和浊度的去除率随着3种絮凝剂AlCl3(B=0)、PACl-1(B=1.2)、PACl-2(B=2.2)投量增大而升高。3种絮凝剂投量在1.5～2.0 mg/L(以铝计)范围内,总铝和溶解铝含量最低。对于该水厂自制的絮凝剂PACl-2,可通过降低絮凝剂碱化度,或将水的pH值降低至7～7.5之间,以此可以提高PACl-2混凝效果,而且可以降低出厂水残留铝浓度。考虑工程应用可行性,可优先考虑调整絮凝剂生产工艺。     

Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对全氟辛烷磺酸盐的吸附

采用共沉淀法合成Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及振动样品磁强计(VSM)对Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒的粒径、形貌和磁性进行表征并研究Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对全氟辛磺酸盐的吸附。结果表明:在PFOS初始浓度4 mg/L,pH为3,反应时间24 h,Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒投加量1.25 g/L,对全氟辛磺酸盐去除率达到90%。Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对PFOS的吸附符合Freundlich吸附方程。     

Selective removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by adsorption on mangosteen peel

Mangosteen peel, rich in polyphenolic compounds, was used to prepare the adsorbent exhibiting highly selective adsorption for Cr(VI) over other metal ions such as Pb²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Cr³⁺ at the pH values of 1～4. The chemical modification method proposed by using calcium hydroxide is quite cost-effective and ecofriendly without using any toxic reagents or causing any secondary pollution. The adsorption isotherm results revealed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on the gel fit well the Langmuir adsorption model, and the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) at pH levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 was evaluated to be 2.46, 2.44, 1.99, and 2.14 mol/kg, respectively. The adsorption mechanism for Cr(VI) on the saponified gel was verified to follow an esterifiaction reaction coupled with the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in which H⁺ plays a role of promoter. Thus, modified mangosteen peel gel has the prominent selectivity and low cost for Cr(VI) removal.     

发光细菌法监测废水综合毒性研究

运用发光细菌法对 2 6个污染源废水样的毒性进行测定。并以毒性较为稳定的 Hg Cl2 作参比毒物 ,使此法所测得的毒性定量化。据水质毒性分级标准 ,对水样毒性的测定结果进行评价 ,属 级低毒的 1 1个 , 级中毒 4个 , 级重毒1个 , 级高毒 3个 , 级剧毒 7个。另从辽阳化纤厂五个废水样可以看出距离污染源越近毒性越强。这一结果既与实际情况相符又与鱼的毒性试验结果一致 ,证明发光菌监测工业废水是可行的。     

突发性背景噪声的修正计算分析

噪声测量过程中蝗受背景噪声的影响,而对于突发性背景噪声因其重现性差,实际操作上的“非同时性”给背景噪声的测量结果及修正均带来一些失准问题。为此对突发性背景噪声的校正问题提出初步建议。     

内乡-镇平4.7级地震及震后应急

内乡 -镇平 4 7级地震 ,是河南省解放以来唯一一次造成人员伤亡的地震事件。本文对这次地震的震害及烈度进行了考察评定 ,总结了有关部门的震后应急措施 ,讨论了从这次地震中应吸取的经验教训。     

太原市空气中硫污染物在植物体内积累的研究

太原市是我国污染最严重的城市之一 ,SO2 是污染的主要因子。文章对该市 5 4科 12 1种绿化植物作了调查 ,测定比较了 44种植物叶片的含硫量 ,在一年时间内逐月测定了国槐树枝条和叶片的含硫量 ,分析了硫化物在树体内积累的动态规律 ,为利用绿化植物净化污染提供了科学依据