基于灰色模型的电力变压器可靠性分析

针对电力变压器可靠性建模精度要求高、但可靠性数据较少这一问题,将电力变压器看做是一个灰色系统,分别利用灰色GM(1,1)模型和无偏灰色GM(1,1)模型建立电力变压器的可靠性分析的数学模型,通过数据拟合得到电力变压器相应的故障率数据,对拟合精度进行检验后发现本文提出的可靠性建模方法精度高、实现快捷,是一种有效可行的电力变压器可靠性研究方法,其分析结果可为制定电力变压器的维护与维修策略以及状态检修工作提供依据。     

暂态地电压法与特高频法在局放检测中的应用

为了解决开关柜局部放电问题,在35 kV开关柜局部放电检测中,联合应用暂态地电压法与特高频法确定开关柜内部缺陷性质,通过特高频平分面及时差法进行定位分析,确定开关柜内部缺陷位置,为解体分析提供充分依据。应用结果表明:暂态地电压法与特高频局放检测技术的联合应用,可以实现不同检测手段的互相补充,更有利于开关柜缺陷检测。     

Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a promising technology to desalinate water and generate electrical power simultaneously. The objectives of this study were to investigate the desalination performance of monovalent and divalent cations in the MDC, and discuss the effect of ion characteristics, ion concentrations, and electrical characteristics. Mixed salt solutions of NaCl, MgCl₂, KCl, and CaCl₂ with the same concentration were used in the desalination chamber to study removal of cations. Results showed that in the mixed salt solutions, the electrodialysis desalination rates of cations were: Ca²⁺ >Mg²⁺>Na⁺>K⁺. Higher ionic charges and smaller hydrated ionic radii resulted in higher desalination rates of the cations, in which the ionic charge was more important than the hydrated ionic radius. Mixed solutions of NaCl and MgCl₂ with different concentrations were used in the desalination chamber to study the effect of ion concentrations. Results showed that when ion concentrations of Na⁺ were one-fifth to five times of Mg²⁺, ion concentration influenced the dialysis more profoundly than electrodialysis. With the current densities below a certain value, charge transfer efficiencies became very low and the dialysis was the main process responsible for the desalination. And the phosphate transfer from the anode chamber and potassium transfer from the cathode chamber could balance 1%–3% of the charge transfer in the MDC.     

HHT在110kV线路故障保护跳闸方式识别中的应用

通过仿真某 110 kV 线路接地故障,利用希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang Transform, HHT)分析了甲站、乙站单相跳闸以及甲站三相跳闸三种可能引起的保护跳闸方式下甲站 1 号变压器末屏 A 相电压与电流的波形特征,并分解计算了信号分解重构下低频与高频部分的能量函数值。计算结果表明:HHT 所得到的能量函数能较好地识别线路故障引起站内保护跳闸的方式。     

基于GF-6的翅碱蓬生长密度遥感定量反演

翅碱蓬作为辽东湾湿地典型生境植被,其生长密度可直观地反映盘锦蓝色海湾整治行动修复效果。本研究以高分六号(GF-6)卫星影像为数据源,基于野外实测数据,开展翅碱蓬生长密度遥感定量反演。研究发现：(1)翅碱蓬生物量湿重与各植被指数的相关性比干重更为显著,基于转换型土壤调整指数(transformed soil-adjusted vegetation index, TSAVI)的二次多项式回归分析模型是翅碱蓬生物量遥感反演的最优模型;(2)本研究基于实测数据构建的翅碱蓬生长密度模型,对不同覆盖情况的翅碱蓬群落均具有较好适用性,实测验证R²>0.97,符合生长密度遥感反演精度要求,且算法中的土壤线系数具有一定的鲁棒性。本研究可为滨海湿地保护修复效果评估提供技术支持。     

Comprehensive and high-resolution emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants for the northernmost cities agglomeration of Harbin-Changchun, China: Implications for local atmospheric environment management

Using a bottom-up estimation method, a comprehensive, high-resolution emission inventory of gaseous and particulate atmospheric pollutants for multiple anthropogenic sectors with typical local sources has been developed for the Harbin-Changchun city agglomeration (HCA). The annual emissions for CO, NOx, SO₂, NH₃, VOC_S, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, BC and OC during 2017 in the HCA were estimated to be 5.82 Tg, 0.70 Tg, 0.34 Tg, 0.75 Tg, 0.81Tg, 0.67 Tg, 1.59 Tg, 0.12 Tg and 0.26 Tg, respectively. For PM₁₀ and SO₂, the emissions from industry processes were the dominant contributors representing 54.7% and 49.5%, respectively, of the total emissions, while 95.3% and 44.5% of the total NH₃ and NOx emissions, respectively, were from or associated with agricultural activities and transportation. Spatiotemporal distributions showed that most emissions (except NH₃) occurred in November to March and were concentrated in the central cities of Changchun and Harbin and the surrounding cities. Open burning of straw made an important contribution to PM_2.5 in the central regions of the northeastern plain during autumn and spring, while domestic coal combustion for heating purposes was significant with respect to SO₂ and PM_2.5 emissions during autumn and winter. Furthermore, based on Principal Component Analysis and Multivariable Linear Regression model, air temperature, relative humidity, electricity and energy consumption, and the urban and rural population were optimized to be representative indicators for rapidly assessing the magnitude of regional atmospheric pollutants in the HCA. Such indicators and equations were demonstrated to be useful for local atmospheric environment management.     

超声波局部放电检测在GIS自由颗粒缺陷检测中的应用

气体绝缘金属封闭开关(gas insulated switchgear, GIS)设备内部自由颗粒缺陷对GIS设备安全稳定运行构成较大危害,通过对GIS自由颗粒特性进行分析,提出采用超声波局部放电检测技术检测GIS中自由颗粒缺陷的方法。应用结果表明:超声波局部放电检测能有效检测出GIS设备内部自由颗粒缺陷,提前发现潜伏性缺陷,保障设备安全运行。     

高温蒸汽灭菌处理技术处置医疗废物工艺设计

高温蒸汽灭菌处理技术是近几年开发的新型医疗废物处置技术,并在全国部分地区得到了应用和推广。以西北某市医疗废物处置工程中高温蒸汽灭菌处理技术的应用为例,通过对其工程原理、系统组成、工艺流程等的分析论证共同探讨其工程原理和性能特点,为今后在工程实际中的运用提供参考。     

Biological hydrogen production from organic wastewater by dark fermentation in China: Overview and prospects

Biological hydrogen production by dark fermentation is an important part of biological hydrogen production technologies. China is a typical developing country that heavily relies on fossil fuels; thus, new, clean, and sustainable energy development turns quite urgent. It is delightful that Chinese government has already drawn up several H₂ development policies since 1990s and provided financial aid to launch some H₂ development projects. In this paper, the research status on dark fermentative hydrogen production in China was summarized and analyzed. Subsequently, several new findings and achievements, with some of which transformed into scale-up tests, were highlighted. Moreover, some prospecting coupling processes with dark fermentation of hydrogen production were also proposed to attract more research interests in the future.