暂态地电压法与特高频法在局放检测中的应用

为了解决开关柜局部放电问题,在35 kV开关柜局部放电检测中,联合应用暂态地电压法与特高频法确定开关柜内部缺陷性质,通过特高频平分面及时差法进行定位分析,确定开关柜内部缺陷位置,为解体分析提供充分依据。应用结果表明:暂态地电压法与特高频局放检测技术的联合应用,可以实现不同检测手段的互相补充,更有利于开关柜缺陷检测。     

基于灰色模型的电力变压器可靠性分析

针对电力变压器可靠性建模精度要求高、但可靠性数据较少这一问题,将电力变压器看做是一个灰色系统,分别利用灰色GM(1,1)模型和无偏灰色GM(1,1)模型建立电力变压器的可靠性分析的数学模型,通过数据拟合得到电力变压器相应的故障率数据,对拟合精度进行检验后发现本文提出的可靠性建模方法精度高、实现快捷,是一种有效可行的电力变压器可靠性研究方法,其分析结果可为制定电力变压器的维护与维修策略以及状态检修工作提供依据。     

基于Landsat数据的关中盆地腹地AOD时空格局及城市化对其影响

气溶胶光学厚度（aerosol optical depth,AOD）是气溶胶最基本的光学特性之一,表征气溶胶对光的消减作用,对区域大气污染有一定的指示作用.首先,以2000~2019年长时间序列MOD09A1产品数据为基础,利用ASTER波谱数据库,构建了Landsat TM/OLI蓝光波段地表反射率数据集,利用深蓝算法（deep blue algorithm,DB）对关中盆地腹地AOD进行了反演估算.其次,通过测算2000~2019多年平均/各年平均AOD和季节AOD值,研究分析了AOD空间分布特征和时间变化趋势;利用经验正交函数分析方法（empirical orthogonal function,EOF）剖析了AOD主要的空间分布模式.最后,探索分析了城市化对AOD时空分布特征的影响.结果表明：①研究区多年平均AOD空间分布受地形和人类活动影响显著,低海拔且人类活动强度大的盆地内部AOD值和变化幅度均高于周围山系.AOD呈现出明显的季节差异性：春季（0.34） > 夏季（0.33） > 秋季（0.23） > 冬季（0.12）,夏季AOD区域差异性最大.②年均AOD呈先增大后减小再增大的变化趋势,2005年达到最大值;春夏两季AOD数值分布离散,而冬季则表现为低值集聚的状态.③EOF分析结果表明,研究区AOD存在3种主要的空间分布模态：第一,AOD空间分布模式表现为区域一致型,特征向量空间分布与海拔梯度一致,反映了不同海拔下AOD变化程度的差异;第二,以秦岭山脉为界,大致呈现南北反相的分布特征,反映出关中盆地地域发展的独特性和与南部秦岭山区的差异性;第三,"东南-西北"的分布格局,表明了AOD在"城镇-乡村"呈反相变化趋势;④研究区AOD值与常住人口密度（R²=0.707,P<0.05）、不透水面密度（R²=0.377,P<0.05）以及工业POI密度（R²=0.727,P<0.5）呈正相关关系,说明城市化对AOD时空分布有一定影响.本研究对加强关中盆地空气质量监测和城市生态环境建设具有重要的意义.     

Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a promising technology to desalinate water and generate electrical power simultaneously. The objectives of this study were to investigate the desalination performance of monovalent and divalent cations in the MDC, and discuss the effect of ion characteristics, ion concentrations, and electrical characteristics. Mixed salt solutions of NaCl, MgCl₂, KCl, and CaCl₂ with the same concentration were used in the desalination chamber to study removal of cations. Results showed that in the mixed salt solutions, the electrodialysis desalination rates of cations were: Ca²⁺ >Mg²⁺>Na⁺>K⁺. Higher ionic charges and smaller hydrated ionic radii resulted in higher desalination rates of the cations, in which the ionic charge was more important than the hydrated ionic radius. Mixed solutions of NaCl and MgCl₂ with different concentrations were used in the desalination chamber to study the effect of ion concentrations. Results showed that when ion concentrations of Na⁺ were one-fifth to five times of Mg²⁺, ion concentration influenced the dialysis more profoundly than electrodialysis. With the current densities below a certain value, charge transfer efficiencies became very low and the dialysis was the main process responsible for the desalination. And the phosphate transfer from the anode chamber and potassium transfer from the cathode chamber could balance 1%–3% of the charge transfer in the MDC.     

HHT在110kV线路故障保护跳闸方式识别中的应用

通过仿真某 110 kV 线路接地故障,利用希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang Transform, HHT)分析了甲站、乙站单相跳闸以及甲站三相跳闸三种可能引起的保护跳闸方式下甲站 1 号变压器末屏 A 相电压与电流的波形特征,并分解计算了信号分解重构下低频与高频部分的能量函数值。计算结果表明:HHT 所得到的能量函数能较好地识别线路故障引起站内保护跳闸的方式。     

Enterobacter sp. CV-v对甲基橙的脱色特性与条件优化

从浙江温州分离筛选到1株甲基橙高效脱色菌株CV-v,经16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,该菌株属于Enterobacter sp.属.单因素实验结果表明:当pH值在5.0~9.0之间时,培养48h以后,该菌株对甲基橙的脱色率均在80%以上;脱色的最适温度范围为30~40℃之间;所测碳源中的葡萄糖和麦芽糖、氮源中的牛肉膏和酵母粉对脱色的促进效果最为显著,且Ca2+和Mg2+也对脱色有显著的促进效应;此外,当接种量达到7%(V:V)以后,48h的脱色率即可达近100%.响应面设计实验结果显示,该菌株对甲基橙脱色的最优操作条件为:pH 8.0,葡萄糖1.7g/L,酵母粉3.0g/L,氯化镁3.0mmol/L及培养温度35.9℃.验证实验结果表明在最优条件下,该菌株在10h内对甲基橙的脱色率可达88.0%.总体而言,该菌株在偶氮染料脱色中的应用潜能较大.     

高浓度苯酚的MFC降解及产电性能

以铁氰化钾溶液作为电子受体,在阴阳两极室中分别填充石墨颗粒的基础上构建了填料型微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel cell,MFC),研究了苯酚为单一燃料和苯酚 葡萄糖为混合燃料条件下MFC的产电特性以及对苯酚和COD的去除效果.在1OOOΩ外电阻条件下,1000mg·L-1苯酚为单一燃料运行时,MFC在苯酚去除率达到约90%时输出电压达到最大值,最大输出电压为540mV,产电曲线存在单一极大值;以1000 mg·L-1苯酚 500 mg·L-1葡萄糖为混合燃料运行时,最大输出电压可达657mV,产电曲线存在2个峰值,第1峰值和第2峰值出现时对应的苯酚去除率分别约为20%和90%.混合燃料运行条件下,前后2个产电峰值出现时MFC的最大体积(面积)功率密度分别为28.3w·m-3(342.OmW·m-2)和12.6 w·m-3(152.2mW·m-2),内阻分别为194Ω和246Ω.在2种燃料情形下,MFC对苯酚和COD的去除率均可在60h之内分别达到95%和90%以上.试验结果表明,MFC能够利用高浓度苯酚作为燃料,在实现高效降解的同时稳定地向外输出电能,这为酚类难降解有机物的高效低耗处理提供了新的研究思路.     

基于GF-6的翅碱蓬生长密度遥感定量反演

翅碱蓬作为辽东湾湿地典型生境植被,其生长密度可直观地反映盘锦蓝色海湾整治行动修复效果。本研究以高分六号(GF-6)卫星影像为数据源,基于野外实测数据,开展翅碱蓬生长密度遥感定量反演。研究发现：(1)翅碱蓬生物量湿重与各植被指数的相关性比干重更为显著,基于转换型土壤调整指数(transformed soil-adjusted vegetation index, TSAVI)的二次多项式回归分析模型是翅碱蓬生物量遥感反演的最优模型;(2)本研究基于实测数据构建的翅碱蓬生长密度模型,对不同覆盖情况的翅碱蓬群落均具有较好适用性,实测验证R²>0.97,符合生长密度遥感反演精度要求,且算法中的土壤线系数具有一定的鲁棒性。本研究可为滨海湿地保护修复效果评估提供技术支持。     

Comprehensive and high-resolution emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants for the northernmost cities agglomeration of Harbin-Changchun, China: Implications for local atmospheric environment management

Using a bottom-up estimation method, a comprehensive, high-resolution emission inventory of gaseous and particulate atmospheric pollutants for multiple anthropogenic sectors with typical local sources has been developed for the Harbin-Changchun city agglomeration (HCA). The annual emissions for CO, NOx, SO₂, NH₃, VOC_S, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, BC and OC during 2017 in the HCA were estimated to be 5.82 Tg, 0.70 Tg, 0.34 Tg, 0.75 Tg, 0.81Tg, 0.67 Tg, 1.59 Tg, 0.12 Tg and 0.26 Tg, respectively. For PM₁₀ and SO₂, the emissions from industry processes were the dominant contributors representing 54.7% and 49.5%, respectively, of the total emissions, while 95.3% and 44.5% of the total NH₃ and NOx emissions, respectively, were from or associated with agricultural activities and transportation. Spatiotemporal distributions showed that most emissions (except NH₃) occurred in November to March and were concentrated in the central cities of Changchun and Harbin and the surrounding cities. Open burning of straw made an important contribution to PM_2.5 in the central regions of the northeastern plain during autumn and spring, while domestic coal combustion for heating purposes was significant with respect to SO₂ and PM_2.5 emissions during autumn and winter. Furthermore, based on Principal Component Analysis and Multivariable Linear Regression model, air temperature, relative humidity, electricity and energy consumption, and the urban and rural population were optimized to be representative indicators for rapidly assessing the magnitude of regional atmospheric pollutants in the HCA. Such indicators and equations were demonstrated to be useful for local atmospheric environment management.