Biological hydrogen production from organic wastewater by dark fermentation in China: Overview and prospects

Biological hydrogen production by dark fermentation is an important part of biological hydrogen production technologies. China is a typical developing country that heavily relies on fossil fuels; thus, new, clean, and sustainable energy development turns quite urgent. It is delightful that Chinese government has already drawn up several H₂ development policies since 1990s and provided financial aid to launch some H₂ development projects. In this paper, the research status on dark fermentative hydrogen production in China was summarized and analyzed. Subsequently, several new findings and achievements, with some of which transformed into scale-up tests, were highlighted. Moreover, some prospecting coupling processes with dark fermentation of hydrogen production were also proposed to attract more research interests in the future.     

PTA废液回收利用技术

介绍了从精对苯二甲酸（PTA）废液中回收醋酸,邻、对苯二甲酸,醋酸钴锰盐的回收工艺。醋酸得率为90％,邻、对苯二甲酸得率为70％,醋酸钴锰盐得率为95％。该技术成熟、合理,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

A Coupled Land-Surface and Dry Deposition Model and Comparison to Field Measurements of Surface Heat,Moisture, and Ozone Fluxes

We have developed a coupled land-surface and drydeposition model for realistic treatment of surface fluxes ofheat, moisture, and chemical dry deposition within acomprehensive air quality modelling system. A new land-surfacemodel (LSM) with explicit treatment of soil moisture andevapotranspiration and an indirect soil moisture nudging schemehas been added to a mesoscale meteorology model. The new drydeposition model uses the same aerodynamic and bulk stomatalresistances computed for evapotranspiration in the LSM. Thisprovides consistent land-surface and boundary layer propertiesacross the meteorological and chemical components of the system. The coupled dry deposition model also has the advantage of beingable to respond to changing soil moisture and vegetationconditions. Modelled surface fluxes of sensible and latent heatas well as ozone dry deposition velocities were compared to twofield experiments: a soybean field in Kentucky during summer 1995and a mixed forest in the Adirondacks of New York in July 1998.(on assignment to the National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (author for correspondence, e-mail(on assignment to the National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)     

内蒙古白音锡勒牧场区域尺度草地退化现状评价

采用双指示种分析(TwoW-ay Indicators Species Analysis,TWINSPAN)和无偏对应分析(Detrended Correspondence Analysis,DCA)对内蒙古白音锡勒牧场范围内32个草地植物群落样点的样方数据进行群落数量分析,根据数量分析结果将研究区草地划分为轻度、中度和重度退化3个不同等级。分析了单位面积草地地上生物量干重与退化等级的关系,在此基础上给出了划分草地不同退化等级的生物量判别指标值。利用2004年的TM遥感数据,结合同期地面植物群落样方调查,比较了不同植被指数与地上生物量和群落盖度的相关性,建立了研究区草地地上生物量估产模型,估算了白音锡勒牧场区域尺度草地地上生物量,结合不同草地退化等级的生物量判别指标值进行了草地植被退化空间分析。结果表明:①草地生物量与草地植物群落退化密切相关,一般草地退化越严重,群落生物量越低;②比值植被指数(R VI)与地上生物量干重相关性最好(R 2=0.644);③研究区轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化的草地面积分别占研究区总面积的24.51%、43.63%和24.12%。     

利用耗散结构中的熵变计算探讨城镇生态系统的发展方向

判断城镇生态系统的发展方向通常用系统的产值或利润 ,这不能全面地表达城镇生态系统的的物质流、能量流、信息流、人口流以及货币流对系统的作用。文章从城镇生态系统的本质出发 ,利用耗散结构理论 ,探讨了城镇生态系统的熵变计算公式 ,并将它应用到大丰市和锡山市 ,所得结论与实际基本相符。因此 ,建议将熵变作为城镇生态系统的一个综合参数加以利用。     

高架路桥的震害、震害原因及抗震措施

对近年来美、日等国的高架道路和高架桥梁所遭受到的地震破坏以及破坏原因进行了概述,对其在高架路桥的规划、设计、施工过程中所要取的抗震措施作了介绍。     

发光细菌法监测废水综合毒性研究

运用发光细菌法对 2 6个污染源废水样的毒性进行测定。并以毒性较为稳定的 Hg Cl2 作参比毒物 ,使此法所测得的毒性定量化。据水质毒性分级标准 ,对水样毒性的测定结果进行评价 ,属 级低毒的 1 1个 , 级中毒 4个 , 级重毒1个 , 级高毒 3个 , 级剧毒 7个。另从辽阳化纤厂五个废水样可以看出距离污染源越近毒性越强。这一结果既与实际情况相符又与鱼的毒性试验结果一致 ,证明发光菌监测工业废水是可行的。     

突发性背景噪声的修正计算分析

噪声测量过程中蝗受背景噪声的影响,而对于突发性背景噪声因其重现性差,实际操作上的“非同时性”给背景噪声的测量结果及修正均带来一些失准问题。为此对突发性背景噪声的校正问题提出初步建议。     

吸附气泡分离法脱除废水中微量表面活性剂的数学模型

根据Ｒ．Ｌｅｍｌｉｃｈ提出的吸附气泡分离理论，运用集总参数模型，在连续稳态操作条件下研究了废水中微量表面活性剂ＣＴＡ－Ｂｒ的吸附气泡脱除方法，求得了实验条件下吸附塔中表面活性剂浓度的轴向分布函数及该过程的传质扩散参数。结论表明，在该脱除过程中，废水中表面活性剂的涡流扩散系数远比其分子扩散系数大。脱除过程速率主要受气。液界面液膜侧表面活性剂在膜内的分子扩散速率控制。     

从黑龙江省水稻种植面积的时空变化看人类对气候变化影响的适应

1951年以来 ,黑龙江省呈明显的变暖趋势 ,1980年代以来增温尤其明显 ,是全国变暖最显著的地区。对比发现 ,全省水稻种植面积增减的阶段性变化与温度变化阶段之间存在着良好的对应关系 ,但水稻种植面积变化略滞后于温度变化。1980年代中期以来全省水稻种植面积的显著增加 ,特别是北部地区种植面积的显著增加 ,是对1980年代以来显著增温的响应