FS—IV^＋流动注射仪测定地表水中氨氮

铵与碱性酚和次氯酸钠反应生成靛蓝化合物,其色度与铵的浓度成正比,亚硝基氰化物使蓝色增强,在660nm处测量吸光度值;采用Flow Solution-IV^＋（FS-IV^＋）流动注射仪测定地表水中氨氮,检测范围0～10．00mg／L,检出限0．008mg／L,分析速率51个样S／h;对方法精密度、准确度、加标回收进行了实验,结果令人满意。该方法具有自动进样、分析速率快、试剂耗量低等优点,可应用于大批量常规地表水分析。     

城市生活垃圾资源化存在的问题与对策探讨

对我国城市生活垃圾的构成及资源利用现状进行了介绍,分析了生活垃圾资源化存在的问题,探讨了资源化利用途径以及提高资源化利用水平的措施,提出了垃圾治理可持续发展的思路,为生活垃圾走资源化之路指明方向。     

Degradation of pentachlorobiphenyl by a sequential treatment using Pd coated iron and an aerobic bacterium (H1)

The reductive dechlorination and biodegradation of 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB#101) was investigated in a laboratory-scale. Palladium coated iron (Pd/Fe) was used as a catalytic reductant for the chemical degradation of 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl, and an aerobic bacteria was used for biodegradation following the chemical reaction in this study. Dechlorination was affected by several factors such as Pd loading, initial soil pH and the amount of Pd/Fe used. The results showed that higher Pd loading, higher dosage of Pd/Fe and slightly acid condition were beneficial to the catalytic dechlorination of 2,2^′,4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl. In laboratory batch experiments, 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl was reduced in the presence of Pd/Fe bimetal, which was not further degraded by aerobic bacteria. 2,2^′,4-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB#17), a reduction product from 2,2^′4,5,5^′-pentachlorobiphenyl, was readily biodegraded in the presence of a aerobic bacterial strain. It is suggested that an integrated Pd/Fe catalytic reduction-aerobic biodegradation process may be a feasible option for treating PCB-contaminated soil.     

三氯生在碳纳米管上的吸附

药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)已成为一个引起广泛关注的新的环境问题。采用碳纳米管（CNTs）对水溶液中的三氯生进行吸附处理,考察了碳纳米管粒径及用量、温度、pH、振荡时间等因素对三氯生去除率的影响。研究结果表明,碳纳米管能快速吸附水中的三氯生,粒径较小的碳纳米管可获得较高的三氯生去除率;低温有利于吸附反应的进行;pH在6.5～7.0时,三氯生的去除率可达97%。三氯生在碳纳米管上的吸附可以很好地用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程进行描述。     

Bioaccumulation of zinc,lead, copper,and cadmium from contaminated sediments by native plant species and Acrida cinerea in South China

This research was conducted to search and identify spontaneously growing heavy metal-tolerant plant species that are potentially useful for phytoremediation in contaminated sediment. Five sites were selected for collection of plants growing on polluted shore (river bank) sediment of the Xiang River, China. The concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd in plants, sediments, and grasshoppers were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS700, Perkin-Elmer, USA). Considering translocation factor and bioaccumulation factor, Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae), Rumex dentatus (Polygonaceae), and Lagopsis supina (Labiatae) could be potentially useful for phytostabilization of metals. R. crispus can be considered potentially useful for phytoextraction of Cd. In light of the biomagnification factors, grasshoppers are deconcentrators for Pb and Cd, microconcentrators for Zn and macroconcentrators for Cu to the plants, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report on Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd accumulation in R. crispus and L. supina, providing a pioneer contribution to the very small volume of data available on the potential use of native plant species from contaminated sediments in phytostabilization and phytoremediation technologies.     

某农药厂周边空气毒死蜱污染状况及健康风险评价

为了研究某农药厂毒死蜱生产对周围人群产生的潜在健康风险,在农药厂周围村庄设置采样点,采用大流量大气采样器采集大气样本,索式提取/气相色谱法分析毒死蜱浓度。结果表明,大气气溶胶中毒死蜱的质量浓度为0.2~189 ng/m3,大气颗粒物中毒死蜱浓度较低,质量浓度为ND~3.50 ng/m3。基于美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价方法计算结果表明,大气毒死蜱暴露对于儿童和成人的非致癌风险控制在EPA推荐的可接受风险水平。     

Robust Regression with Data-Dependent Regularization Parameters and Autoregressive Temporal Correlations

We introduce robust procedures for analyzing water quality data collected over time. One challenging task in analyzing such data is how to achieve robustness in presence of outliers while maintaining high estimation efficiency so that we can draw valid conclusions and provide useful advices in water management. The robust approach requires specification of a loss function such as the Huber, Tukey’s bisquare and the exponential loss function, and an associated tuning parameter determining the extent of robustness needed. High robustness is at the cost of efficiency loss in parameter loss. To this end, we propose a data-driven method which leads to more efficient parameter estimation. This data-dependent approach allows us to choose a regularization (tuning) parameter that depends on the proportion of “outliers” in the data so that estimation efficiency is maximized. We illustrate the proposed methods using a study on ammonium nitrogen concentrations from two sites in the Huaihe River in China, where the interest is in quantifying the trend in the most recent years while accounting for possible temporal correlations and “irregular” observations in earlier years.     

我国东部轻度富营养化湖泊（元荡湖）介形类组成及其生态意义

元荡湖是我国东部平原的一个浅水湖泊,原系淀山湖的一个湖湾,后因芦滩封淤而成,其形成历史短,是探讨动物类群组成与湖泊生态系统演化间关系的理想场所。近年由于人类活动频繁,该湖已处于轻度富营养化状态。研究首次对该湖泊中的介形类进行了研究,共发现9种,它们分别是Cypretta turgida、Cypria kraepelini、Cypridopsis vidua、Cypris subglobosa、Dolerocypria taalensis、Fabaeformiscandona myllaina、F. subacuta、Fabaeformiscandona sp.和Ilyocypris salebrosa。这些介形类均非地方性物种,且都对生态环境有较强的耐受性。结合元荡湖母体湖泊-淀山湖水动力大、无介形类生存的实际情况,研究认为元荡湖中的介形类应由周边迁移而来,且其组成已受到人类活动的干扰。优势度（Y）分析结果也显示,C. kraepelini、F. myllaina、F. subacuta和Fabaeformiscandona sp.共4种出现频率相对较高的介形类中,以富营养化指示物种C. kraepelini的优势度最高。而典型对应分析结果（Canonical correspondence analyses,CCA）发现,自然环境因素水深仍是影响介形类分布的主要环境因子,其次是总氮、叶绿素a、水体透明度和溶解氧。通过分析介形类动物的生活习性和摄食方式发现,元荡湖的介形类分属于底栖动物栖息类型中的游泳型（如C. kraepelini和C. vidua）、攀爬型（如C. subglobosa和C. turgida）和蔓生型(其他5种),其中蔓生型介形类占比最高,达56%,这也解释了为什么在元荡湖这样一个浅水湖泊中水深却成为影响介形类分布的主要环境因素。总结发现,元荡湖中的介形类组成和丰度分布受到湖泊形成时间的长短、自然环境因素和人类干扰等方面的共同影响,这为今后深入开展介形类组成与湖泊演化间的关系提供了理论证据。此外,研究首次报导了F. myllaina在中国的分布。 关键词： 元荡湖;介形类;水深;人为干扰;优势度Y;栖息类型     

Urinary metabolomic profiling in rats exposed to dietary di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an omnipresent environmental chemical with widespread nonoccupational human exposure through multiple ways. Although considerable efforts have been invested to investigate mechanisms of DEHP toxicity, the key metabolic biomarkers of DEHP toxicity remain to be identified. The aim of this study was to assess the urinary metabonomics of dietary DEHP in rats using the technique of ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Fourteen female Wistar rats were divided into two groups and given increasing dietary doses of DEHP for 30 consecutive days. The urinary metabolite profile was studied using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) enabled clusters to be clearly separated. Eleven principal urinary metabolites were identified as contributing to the clusters. The clusters in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode were xanthurenic acid, kynurenic acid, nonate, N6-methyladenosine, and L-isoleucyl-L-proline. The clusters in the negative ESI mode were hippuric acid, tetrahydrocortisol, citric acid, phenylpropionylglycine, cPA(18:2(9Z, 12Z)/0:0), and LysoPC(14:1(9Z)). The urinary metabonomic changes indicated that exposure to dietary DEHP can affect energy-related metabolism, liver and renal function, fatty acid metabolism, and cause DNA damage in rats. The findings of this study on the urinary metabolites and metabolic pathways of DEHP may form the basis for future studies on the mechanisms of toxicity of this commonly found environmental chemical.     

Coupled Monte Carlo simulation and Copula theory for uncertainty analysis of multiphase flow simulation models

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Simulation-optimization techniques are effective in identifying an optimal remediation strategy. Simulation models with uncertainty, primarily in the...