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971.
海河流域河流氮污染特征及其演变趋势 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
收集海河流域重点水功能区主要监测站点2000—2011年总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、硝氮(NO-3-N)、亚硝氮(NO-2-N)指标的历史数据,并且实测2009年350个样点的氮素指标,以探明海河流域河流氮污染特征及其演变趋势.结果表明,海河流域氮污染现状严重,2011年TN、NH+4-N、NO-3-N和NO-2-N的平均浓度分别为7.92、4.25、1.28、0.013 mg·L-1,TN、NH+4-N超地表水V类水质标准现象严重(2.0 mg·L-1),其中海河干流水系、北三河(北运河、潮白河、蓟运河)水系和子牙河水系污染较重.在空间尺度上,海河流域氮污染沿山区-平原方向呈现出明显逐渐上升的变化特征.在时间尺度上,TN与NH+4-N浓度变化均在2005年与2011年出现峰值,TN浓度与NH+4-N、NO-3-N、NO-2-N浓度呈现极显著正相关(p0.01),NH+4-N是海河流域氮污染的主要污染因子.2000—2011年,NH+4-N劣V类(2.0 mg·L-1)站点比例整体上表现为减少趋势,由2000年的28.87%降为2011年的17.56%,劣V类站点NH+4-N浓度均值由2000年的7.91 mg·L-1降为2011年的6.50mg·L-1.在海河流域中,黑龙港运东水系、子牙河水系河流NH+4-N污染较重,各年平均浓度均超过地表水V类水质标准,NH+4-N平均浓度呈现随年份逐渐降低的趋势.在海河流域氮污染整体表现为好转的趋势下,氮污染的现状仍然严峻,需加强控制. 相似文献
972.
“八五”至“十二五”期间,中国取得巨大的经济成果的同时带来了严重的水环境污染问题.文章分析了东中西部三大经济带经济发展及COD和氨氮两种主要水污染排放的差异,及其与经济发展的关系进行了EKC假说的实证研究.研究结果表明,部分污染物的拟合曲线尚处于上升阶段,未能出现典型的倒U型曲线,可能导致水环境质量恶化.环境基础设施建设、人口分布和产业结构等因素与COD和氨氮的排放量密切相关,因此,中国必须采取各种环境管理和技术手段,促使区域水污染物排放量指标与经济发展的拟合曲线出现转折点,改善水环境质量. 相似文献
973.
974.
海南省麒麟菜自然保护区麒麟菜资源研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2012年对海南省麒麟菜保护区内野生麒麟菜资源进行调查研究。结果表明,海南省麒麟菜自然保护区有琼枝和耳突卡帕藻2种麒麟菜,优势种为琼枝。保护区内麒麟菜分布面积约为19.40 km2,平均覆盖度为0.54%,平均生物量为7.30 g/m2。其中文昌海域约为14.35 km2,平均覆盖度为0.55%,平均生物量为7.85 g/m2;琼海海域约为5.05 km2,平均覆盖度为0.49%,平均生物量为5.78 g/m2。伴生生物有33科50种,其中多毛类有9科14种,软体动物有14科17种,甲壳类9科18种以及棘皮动物1科1种,平均生物量为6.38 g/m2,平均栖息密度为72.72个/m2。优势种为斑纹围沙蚕、地中海巨亮钩虾、雷氏藻钩虾和四肢舟钩虾。受草食性动物、渔业活动、陆源污染和海洋工程影响海南省麒麟菜保护区麒麟菜大面积减少。 相似文献
975.
Lin Zhou Gui Fu Yujingyang Xue 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2018,24(3):329-340
Human and organizational factors have been proven to be the prime causes of Chinese hazardous chemical accidents (HCAs). A modified version of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), namely the HFACS-Hazardous Chemicals (HC), was developed to identify the human factors involved in Chinese HCAs. The ‘8.12’ Tianjin Port fire and explosion, the costliest HCA in recent years, was reanalyzed using this framework, and the results were compared with the official accident inquiry report to determine their differences related to the identification of human and organizational factors. The study revealed that interacting human factors from different levels in Ruihai Company led to this catastrophe, and the inquiry report had limitations in the identification of human factors and the guidance for similar accident prevention. This study showed the applicability of the HFACS-HC in HCA analyses as well as the necessity to recommend this approach for future HCA investigations. 相似文献
976.
Provenances of atmospheric dust over Korea from Sr–Nd isotopes and rare earth elements in early 2006
Min Kyung Lee Yong Il Lee Hi-Il Yi 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(20):2401-2414
Sr and Nd isotopic composition of pre- and syn-Asian dust (Hwangsa) particles collected from three different water depths at two different offshore sites, western Korea and rare earth elemental composition of syn-Asian dust particles collected from three islands around the Korean Peninsula in late April 2006 were analyzed to interpret their provenance. The dust Sr–Nd isotopic compositions vary spatiotemporally, but they show specific values when the Hwangsa event occurred. Satellite images, airmass backward trajectory modeling, and comparison with Sr–Nd isotopic ratios and rare earth elements compositions of soils and desert sands of northern China all suggest the major source of dust particles for the late April 2006 Hwangsa event to be the Mu Us Desert in northern China. Dust particles of the pre-Hwangsa period include both background dusts and the previous Hwangsa event dust particles, and they are interpreted to have been originated from various arid regions of China such as the Hobq Desert, the Mu Us Desert, and the Taklamakan Desert in different times. Different background dust sources during pre-Hwangsa period in early 2006 resulted from the changing route of the westerlies. 相似文献
977.
电力安全工器具种类多、数量大,作为保障各类电工操作安全、有序作业必不可少的器具,高效率、专业化和智能型管理是电力企业安全质效提升的重要举措。针对现场电力安全工器具管理存在的诸多问题,基于“云平台”自动模式识别技术,研发电力安全工器具智能管理系统,集各个安全工器具身份标识、位置信息、出入库记录、损坏报废标记以及超过检测周期警报提示为一体。通过周期测试和现场应用,结果表明:该系统以安全工器具个体为管理单元,分层分类,构建大数据库,信息覆盖全面完整;分布式区块链技术有力支撑平台数据的实时更新和资源共享,提升管理效率;指纹登录,智能感应,出入库时间缩短了2/3,取用便捷,提高工作效率;智能扫描检测功能,及时警示反馈,有效避免现场违规使用事件的发生,助力安全生产,夯实安全质效。 相似文献
978.
Liu Jinfeng Yuan Dong Lu Ming You Yong Zhang Guangze Feng Tao Wang Dong Lin Zhiheng 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2021,21(6):1253-1271
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Experimental tests were conducted on a rectangular flume with different grid-type dam grid sizes, channel slopes and debris flow bulk density. We use the Bernoulli... 相似文献
979.
Carolina Briones Pablo Presa Montse Pérez Alfonso Pita Ricardo Guiñez 《Marine Biology》2013,160(12):3143-3156
Connectivity in benthic marine animals with complex life cycles occurs primarily during the pelagic larval stage and depends deterministically on oceanographic dynamics. The scale of such larval dispersal is highly uncertain due the difficulty of direct measurement and poor knowledge of larval dynamics and ocean flow variability. This study characterizes the pattern of genetic connectivity in the ecosystem engineer Perumytilus purpuratus between latitudes 23°S and 33°S, which includes the ecological discontinuity reported for many taxa north to 32°S at the southeast Pacific. The genetic discontinuity observed in P. purpuratus around 26°S is described herein while that detected at 28°S is in line with the ecological discontinuity (in coverage, recruitment and density) previously reported for this mussel between 28°S and 32°S. Both discontinuities delimitate two major gene pools upon Bayesian inferences on geographical variation of five microsatellite loci. Interestingly, marker Pepu1 was responsible for most variation between pools and was potentially under selection. In fact, inferences excluding Pepu1 produced a single gene pool (k = 1) in central-northern Chile. The IBD connectivity pattern observed among P. purpuratus beds distributed in the interval 23°S–33°S is congruent with processes driven by larval dynamics, and the dominant equatorward Humboldt Current along a coast largely unaffected by ice during the last Pleistocene glaciation. However, the selective scenario unveiled by microsatellite Pepu1 inside the 25°S–28°S ecological discontinuity is consistent with selective processes associated with specific mesoscale properties operating in this area. This study highlights the usefulness of integrating different oceanographic scales, ecological data and population genetics to better understand connectivity of benthic marine species. 相似文献
980.
Effects of sandy desertified land rehabilitation on soil carbon sequestration and aggregation in an arid region in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yong Zhong Su Xue Fen Wang Rong Yang Jaehoon Lee 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(11):2109-2116
The rehabilitation of sandy desertified land in semi-arid and arid regions has a great potential to increase carbon sequestration and improve soil quality. Our objective was to investigate the changes in the soil carbon pool and soil properties of surface soil (0–15 cm) under different types of rehabilitation management. Our study was done in the short-term (7 years) and long-term (32 years) desertification control sites in a marginal oasis of northwest China. The different management treatments were: (1) untreated shifting sand land as control; (2) sand-fixing shrubs with straw checkerboards; (3) poplar (Populus gansuensis) shelter forest; and (4) irrigated cropland after leveling sand dune. The results showed that the rehabilitation of severe sandy desertified land resulted in significant increases in soil organic C (SOC), inorganic C, and total N concentrations, as well as enhanced soil aggregation. Over a 7-year period of revegetation and cultivation, SOC concentration in the recovered shrub land, forest land and irrigated cropland increased by 4.1, 14.6 and 11.9 times compared to the control site (shifting sand land), and increased by 11.2, 17.0 and 23.0 times over the 32-year recovery period. Total N, labile C (KMnO4–oxidation C), C management index (CMI) and inorganic C (CaCO3–C) showed a similar increasing trend as SOC. The increased soil C and N was positively related to the accumulation of fine particle fractions. The accumulation of silt and clay, soil C and CaCO3 enhanced the formation of aggregates, which was beneficial to mitigate wind erosion. The percentage of >0.25 mm dry aggregates increased from 18.0% in the control site to 20.0–87.2% in the recovery sites, and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates significantly increased, with a range of 0.09–0.30 mm at the recovery sites. Long-term irrigation and fertilization led to a greater soil C and N accumulation in cropland than in shrub and forest lands. The amount of soil C sequestration reached up to 1.8–9.4 and 7.5–17.3 Mg ha?1 at the 0–15 cm layer over a 7- and 32-year rehabilitation period compared to the control site, suggesting that desertification control has a great potential for sequestering soil C and improving soil quality in northwest China. 相似文献