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111.
Arnaud Da Silva Valentijn van den Brink Guillaume Emaresi Ester Luzio Pierre Bize Amélie N. Dreiss Alexandre Roulin 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(7):1041-1052
Nest and territory defence are risky and potentially dangerous behaviours. If the resolution of life history trade-offs differs between individuals, the level of defence may also vary among individuals. Because melanin-based colour traits can be associated with life history strategies, differently coloured individuals may display different nest and territory defence strategies. We investigated this issue in the colour polymorphic tawny owl (Strix aluco) for which plumage varies from dark to light reddish melanic. Accordingly, we found that (1) our presence induced a greater response (flying around) from dark-coloured than light-coloured females and (2) dark reddish males suffered lower nest predation rates than light-coloured males. In experimentally enlarged broods, the probability that females reacted after we played back the hoot calls of a stranger male was higher if these females were lighter reddish; the opposite pattern was found in experimentally reduced broods with dark parents being more reactive than light parents. Finally, darker females alarmed more frequently when paired with a light than with a dark male, suggesting that partners adjust their behaviour to each other. We also tested whether colouration is used as a signal by conspecifics to adjust the level of their defensive behaviour. Accordingly, breeding females responded more vigorously to a dark than a light reddish stuffed tawny owl placed beside their nest. We conclude that melanin-based colouration is a signal of alternative nest and territory defence behaviour that depends on ecological factors. 相似文献
112.
Benni W. Hansen Guillaume Drillet Reinhardt M. Kristensen Thomas F. Sørensen Majken T. Tøttrup 《Marine Biology》2010,157(1):59-68
Close to 50 species of marine Calanoid copepods have been reported to produce diapause eggs (Engel and Hirche in J Plankton
Res 26:1083–1093, 2004); eggs that are viable but require a refractory phase before they hatch, sometimes after months. Diapause eggs are often
described as morphologically different with respect to egg membrane ultrastructure and having a thicker egg shell with surface
ornamentation as opposed to the smooth shell found in subitaneous eggs that hatch within days (Belmonte in J Mar Syst 15:35–39,
1998; Chen and Marcus in Mar Biol 127:587–597, 1997; Castro-Longoria in Crustaceana 74:225–236, 2001). Egg production rates, egg surface ornamentation, and hatching success were monitored in large aquaculture fish enclosures
during winter with close to zero water temperatures (N57°). Surprisingly, all female copepods (Acartia spp.—presumably A. tonsa, and Centropages hamatus) produced eggs all through the winter with no obvious pattern with respect to light, temperature and food availability, and
no diapause eggs were observed. However, individual females produced several categories of eggs with or without surface spines
even within the same egg batch as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Four egg categories were distinguishable:
‘no spines’, smooth eggs; ‘short spines’, 5–15 μm long; ‘truncated spines’, with the spine tips cut-off <10 μm long; and ‘long
spines’, up to 30 μm long. All egg categories remained unchanged with respect to surface structures from when we took them
out of the incubation bottles until they hatched. In general, the frequency of ‘no spines’ was 10–40%, and most eggs were
ornamented with ‘short-’ or ‘long spines’. Further, a given egg can be ornamented with all types of surface spines simultaneously,
which might even be a fifth egg category. The different egg categories were all able to hatch within days when exposed to
normoxic conditions suggesting that they were subitaneous. 相似文献
113.
Blondet Antonine Martin Guillaume Paulic Laurent Perrard Marie-Hélène Durand Philippe 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(21):26606-26616
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Many toxicants are present in water as a mixture. Male infertility is one of the environmental impacts in developed countries. Using our rat... 相似文献
114.
Guillaume Pelletier Bhaja Krushna Padhi Mahsa Hamzeh Annamaria Halasz Manjeet Singh Jalal Hawari 《毒物与环境化学》2017,99(5-6):869-882
The oil extracted from Jatropha seeds is an emerging biodiesel feedstock that also contains several pro-inflammatory phorbol esters. These phorbol esters can elicit adverse inflammatory responses through activation of the protein kinase C, as previously described for the prototypical phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. We extracted and purified the six phorbol esters identified in Jatropha oil and assessed their pro-inflammatory activities using a recently developed gene expression-based bioassay. Borrowing from an approach used for the assessment of dioxin toxicity, we expressed their pro-inflammatory potencies in relation to the potency of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (in terms of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate toxic equivalency factors). The pro-inflammatory potencies of Jatropha phorbol esters were orders of magnitudes below the potency of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Interestingly, the cytotoxicity of phorbol esters did not appear to be directly related to their pro-inflammatory potencies. Calculations based on phorbol ester potencies and concentrations led to overestimation of the pro-inflammatory activity of Jatropha oil, as measured by the same gene expression-based bioassay. The preliminary results presented here suggest that further work on the described approach may lead to the development of valuable tools and metrics to quantify and predict the pro-inflammatory activities of complex phorbol ester mixtures. 相似文献
115.
The marine fish Mugil cephalus was caught in the Bay of Marseilles (France) in 1985 and the liver microsomal cytochrome P450 was identified at a concentration of about 0.230 nmol mg-1 protein. Optimal assay conditions were established to measure two mixed-function cytochrome P450-dependent oxidases: aniline hydroxylase and p-nitroanisole O-demethylase. Induction of cytochrome P450 occurred after exposure of mullet to an aromatic hydrocarbon and a water-soluble petroleum fraction. The liver cytochrome
P450 was solubilized and purified. The monomer molecular weight of partially purified cytochrome P450, determined by sodium dodecyl-sulfate-gel electrophoresis, was 51 000. 相似文献
116.