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91.
Modelling directional spatial processes in ecological data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Distributions of species, animals or plants, terrestrial or aquatic, are influenced by numerous factors such as physical and biogeographical gradients. Dominant wind and current directions cause the appearance of gradients in physical conditions whereas biogeographical gradients can be the result of historical events (e.g. glaciations). No spatial modelling technique has been developed to this day that considers the direction of an asymmetric process controlling species distributions along a gradient or network. This paper presents a new method that can model species spatial distributions generated by a hypothesized asymmetric, directional physical process. This method is an eigenfunction-based spatial filtering technique that offers as much flexibility as the Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) framework; it is called asymmetric eigenvector maps (AEM) modelling. Information needed to construct eigenfunctions through the AEM framework are the spatial coordinates of the sampling or experimental sites, a connexion diagram linking the sites to one another, prior information about the direction of the hypothesized asymmetric process influencing the response variable(s), and optionally, weights attached to the edges (links). To illustrate how this new method works, AEM is compared to MEM analysis through simulations and in the analysis of an ecological example where a known asymmetric forcing is present. The ecological example reanalyses the dietary habits of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) sampled in 42 lakes of the Mastigouche Reserve, Québec. 相似文献
92.
Serge Michalet Soraya Rouifed Thomas Pellassa-Simon Manon Fusade-Boyer Guillaume Meiffren Sylvie Nazaret Florence Piola 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):20897-20907
The expansion of invasive Japanese knotweed s.l. is of particular concern because of its aptitudes to rapidly colonize diverse environments, especially anthropized habitats generally characterized by their pollution with heavy metals. Whether the presence of heavy metals impacts the performance traits of this plant is a central question to better understand its invasive properties, though no controlled approach to assess these effects was yet reported. In this aim, we undertook greenhouse experiments where rhizome fragments of Japanese knotweed s.l. (Fallopia japonica and Fallopia × bohemica) were grown during 1 and 3 months, in a soil pot artificially polluted or not with heavy metals added in mixture (Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn). Our results showed that (i) the presence of heavy metals delayed rhizome regeneration and induced lowered plant part weights but did not affect plant height after 3 months; (ii) the effect of metals on the metabolic profiles of belowground part extracts was only detectable after 1 month and not after 3 months of growth, though it was possible to highlight the effect of metals independently of time and genotype for root extracts, and torosachrysone seemed to be the most induced compound; and (iii) the hybrid genotype tested was able to accumulate relatively high concentrations of metals, over or close to the highest reported ones for this plant for Cr, Cd and Zn, whereas Pb was not accumulated. These findings evidence that the presence of heavy metals in soil has a low impact on Fallopia sp. overall performance traits during rhizome regeneration, and has a rather stimulating effect on plant growth depending on pollution level. 相似文献
93.
Guillaume Lestrelin Olga Vigiak Aurélie Pelletreau Bounmy Keohavong Christian Valentin 《Natural resources forum》2012,36(2):63-75
The official environmental discourse in Laos describes a “chain of degradation” stretching from upland shifting cultivation, increased runoff and soil erosion to the siltation of wetlands and reservoirs. This perspective has had wide‐ranging impacts on rural development policy which, in the uplands, has long favoured forest conservation over agriculture. Integrating soil erosion and water sediment data with local perceptions of land degradation in an upland village of northern Laos, this study tests the validity of the official environmental discourse. Biophysical measurements made in a small agricultural catchment indicate a significant correlation between the spatial extent of cultivation and soil erosion rates. However, sediment yields recorded at the outlet of the catchment highlight relatively low levels of off‐site sediment exportation. Furthermore, farmers' perceptions suggest that local land degradation issues and crop yield declines could be less related to soil erosion than to agricultural land shortage, increased weed competition, and fertility losses resulting from the intensification of shifting cultivation. The study concludes that a better understanding and management of land degradation issues can be achieved by developing more inclusive and scientifically‐informed approaches to environmental perceptions and narratives. 相似文献
94.
GIS and local knowledge in disaster management: a case study of flood risk mapping in Viet Nam 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Linking community knowledge with modern techniques to record and analyse risk related data is one way of engaging and mobilising community capacity. This paper discusses the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) at the local level and the need for integrating modern technology and indigenous knowledge into disaster management. It suggests a way to mobilise available human and technical resources in order to strengthen a good partnership between local communities and local and national institutions. The paper also analyses the current vulnerability of two communes by correlating hazard risk and loss/damage caused by disasters and the contribution that domestic risk maps in the community can make to reduce this risk. The disadvantages, advantages and lessons learned from the GIS flood risk mapping project are presented through the case study of the Quang Tho Commune in Thua Thien Hue province, central Viet Nam. 相似文献
95.
Pedogenesis and nickel biogeochemistry in a typical Albanian ultramafic toposequence 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aida Bani Guillaume Echevarria Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier Fran Gjoka Sulejman Sulçe Jean Louis Morel 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(7):4431-4442
This study aimed at relating the variability of Ni biogeochemistry along the ultramafic toposequence to pedogenesis and soil mineralogy. Hypereutric Cambisols dominate upslope; Cambic Vertisols and Fluvic Cambisols occur downslope. The soil mineralogy showed abundance of primary serpentine all over the sequence. It is predominant upslope but secondary smectites dominate in the Vertisols. Free Fe-oxides are abundant in all soils but slightly more abundant in the upslope soils. Whereas serpentines hold Ni in a similar and restricted range in every soil (approx. 0.3 %), Ni contents in smectites may vary a lot and Mg-rich and Al-poor smectites in the Vertisol could hold up to 4.9 % Ni. Ni was probably adsorbed onto amorphous Fe-oxides and was also exchangeable in secondary smectites. High availability of Ni in soils was confirmed by DTPA extractions. However, it varied significantly along the toposequence, being higher in upslope soils, where Ni-bearing amorphous Fe-oxides were abundant and total organic carbon higher and sensibly lower downslope on the Vertisols: NiDTPA varied from 285 mg kg?1 in the surface of soil I (upslope) to 95.9 mg kg?1 in the surface of Fluvic Cambisols. Concentration of Ni in Alyssum murale shoots varied from 0.7 % (Hypereutric Cambisols) to 1.4 % (Hypereutric Vertisol). Amazingly, Ni uptake by A. murale was not correlated to NiDTPA, suggesting the existence of specific edaphic conditions that affect the ecophysiology of A. murale upslope. 相似文献
96.
97.
Blondet Antonine Martin Guillaume Paulic Laurent Perrard Marie-Hélène Durand Philippe 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(21):26606-26616
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Many toxicants are present in water as a mixture. Male infertility is one of the environmental impacts in developed countries. Using our rat... 相似文献
98.
Anthony Shun Fung Chiu Jon V. Ward Guillaume Massard 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(14):1237-1240
This special issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production was initiated as a result of the 5th and 6th meetings of the Asia Pacific Roundtable for Sustainable Consumption and Production (APRSCP), which were held in Melbourne, Australia and Hanoi, Vietnam, respectively. A need identified at those meetings was to create another means of communicating the best ideas and papers being presented, to a wider audience. The Asia Pacific region has special development needs given its rapid emergence as a global production hub, but coupled to that are also the rapid social adjustments and shifts in patterns of consumption and production which aren't positive for the environment. This special issue contains eight papers covering the implementation of cleaner production and life cycle principles at the systems and regional planning level. These articles cover urban development, corporate CP programs, supply chain management, eco-industrial networks, and industrial parks, recycling, and understanding the role of human factors in bringing about environmental change. 相似文献
99.
The aim of this study is to investigate the trace elements (TE) contents of potential biomonitors in a historical Zn–Pb mining district: apiary products (honey, royal-jelly and beeswax) lichen and moss were sampled and analysed. In spite of high TE concentrations in mining waste and soil, apiary products are free of TE contamination originating from historical mining. Lichen/moss show high TE levels, which suggest atmospheric input of local dust. Pb isotopes analysis proved the origin of TE found in lichen/moss to be mainly mining waste. These results help discuss the choice of relevant organisms for monitoring TE in the environment and bring additional data on the potential impacts of brownfields left after mining, especially on food products from apiaries. 相似文献
100.
An experimental study was conducted in a 91.4-ha Mediterranean vineyard catchment in southern France to characterize the fate and transport of oryzalin in runoff water and thus to assess the risk of contamination of surface waters. Oryzalin concentrations in soil were monitored on two fields, one no-till and one tilled from March 1998 to March 2000. Concentrations in solution and on solid phase of runoff water were measured at the outlets of both fields and the catchment. The droughts in the two summer periods reduced the dissipation of oryzalin and increased its field half-life up to 35 days. Consequently, oryzalin was detected throughout the year in runoff water, with maximum dissolved concentrations > 600 microg l(-1) at the field scale. Oryzalin transport essentially occurred in solution. At the no-till field, seasonal losses were 2.29% and 1.89% of the applied amount in 1998 and 1999, respectively. The corresponding values at the tilled field were 1.56% and 0.29%, since tillage reduced total losses by reducing surface runoff. At the catchment scale, oryzalin concentrations were smaller than those at the field scale, due to dilution effects and staggering of application. Large part of the overland flow from the fields reinfiltrated in the ditches before reaching the outlet of the catchment. As a result, seasonal oryzalin losses were <0.2% of the applied amount. 相似文献