模糊综合评价在建筑施工安全评价中的应用

建筑施工现场的高危险性,使其安全综合评价成为必须.本文在综合考虑了建筑施工现场条件的复杂性和模糊性的基础上,根据目前建筑施工行业安全管理工作的重点与难点建立了三级综合评价指标体系,使用层次分析法确立了各级指标的权重系数,并将8位专家的主观评判转化为客观数据,采用多级模糊综合评价模型对其进行评判,找出了建筑施工现场安全管...     

钢铁联合企业固体废物综合利用分析

阐述了钢铁联合企业固体废物的分类和来源,以柳钢生产实践为例,分析高炉煤气除尘灰、转炉除尘污泥等固体废物的化学成分,探讨冶金固体废物处理方式和综合利用途径,对钢铁企业固体废物综合利用发展方向提出建议。     

微囊藻毒素-RR的臭氧降解研究

采用臭氧氧化的方法对微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)进行降解.结果表明,在O3∶MC-RR(物质量比)为6的条件下,MC-RR的去除率最高可达到83.0%;pH上升、水中NOM含量增加都能显著降低MC-RR的臭氧降解效果.使用HPLC-MS考察了MC-RR的臭氧降解产物,并在此基础上探讨了MC-RR的臭氧氧化降解途径:主要通过Adda途径和Mdha途径来完成对MC-RR的降解和脱毒作用.臭氧氧化的Adda途径是通过对MC-RR上Adda侧链的进攻,断开具有活性的Adda支链,而达到脱毒的目的,其中Adda途径过程中的苯环羟基化作用对整个过程有促进作用;臭氧氧化的Mdha途径是通过对MC-RR肽环上面Mdha和Ala的断键,打开环状肽链,使藻毒素失去活性.在整个过程中Adda途径占主导地位.     

甲基对硫磷降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从湖北仙桃农药厂附近长期受农药污染的土壤中分离出1株甲基对硫磷降解菌HS-MP12,该菌能利用甲基对硫磷(MP)和对硝基苯酚(PNP)作为唯一的碳源、氮源生长.在24 h内,HS-MP12对起始质量浓度为500 mg/L和200 mg/L的MP降解率分别为86.8%和95.7%,对起始质量浓度为200 mg/L的PNP的降解率为92.3%,测定条件为: pH值6,温度30 ℃.HS-MP12经过形态观察、生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA序列测定和同源性分析,初步鉴定HS-MP12菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌( Bacillus cereus).实验结果表明, HS-MP12在降解MP时,没有代谢中间产物对硝基苯酚的积累,推测可能存在不同的降解途径.     

Cobalt and manganese stress in the microalga Pavlova viridis （Prymnesiophyceae）： Effects on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes

Pollution of marine environment has become an issue of major concern in recent years.Serious environmental pollution by heavy metals results from their increasing utilization in industrial processes and because most heavy metals are transported into the marine environment and accumulated without decomposition.The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects on growth,pigments, lipid peroxidation,and some antioxidant enzyme activities of marine microalga Pavlova viridis,in response to elevated concentrations of cobalt(Co)and manganese(Mn),especially with regard to the involvement of antioxidative defences against heavy metal-induced oxidative stress.In response to Co~(2 ),lipid peroxidation was enhanced compared to the control,as an indication of the oxidative damage caused by metal concentration assayed in the microalgal cells but not Mn~(2 ).Exposure of Pavlova viridis to the two metals caused changes in enzyme activities in a different manner,depending on the metal assayed:after Co~(2 )treatments,total superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was irregular,although it was not significantly affected by Mn~(2 )exposure.Co~(2 )and Mn~(2 )stimulated the activities of catalase(CAT)and glutathione(GSH),whereas,ghitathione peroxidase(GPX)showed a remarkable increase in activity in response to Co~(2 )treatments and decreased gradually with Mn~(2 )concentration,up to 50μmol/L,and then rose very rapidly,reaching to about 38.98% at 200μmol/L Mn~(2 ).These results suggest that an activation of some antioxidant enzymes was enhanced,to counteract the oxidative stress induced by the two metals at higher concentration.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

美国化工行业未遂事件管理(上)

1 简介 在对过程工业发生的不良事件进行研究时,人们发现:在每起严重事故的背后都会有许多影响有限的事件发生,而那些未造成任何损失或损害的事件则更是不胜其数.这一点,从安全金字塔(见图1)就可以看出来.     

生物活性炭塔中有机物沿程降解规律和降解动力学模型

上流式曝气生物活性炭塔(BAC)中的废水、空气从下往上流过生物活性炭层。为研究废水中有机物沿活性炭层的降解规律,生物活性炭塔由下至上共设有10个废水取样口,研究沿程各区间段对有机物的降解差异。试验结果表明在水力负荷为5.02~10.04 L/(m2·min),气水比为4∶1~6∶1时,COD、UV、色度的脱除主要集中在塔的中下部,占总脱除率70%以上。进水废水浓度对脱色率影响不大,对COD的脱除率有影响,进水废水浓度过大,脱除率降低。依据推流反应器模型,推导出废水净化塔中COD的降解动力学方程:Ce=Coexp(-2.406 4 H/L0.962)。     

基于不确定性的矿区污染治理投入决策研究

基于现实的基础上,考虑矿区污染治理所面临的不确定性,对污染治理最优投入的政策决策机制进行研究.根据污染治理投入成本的不可逆性及不确定性建立污染治理最优投入决策机制模型,求出了污染治理投入的临界点.结果表明,该模型能够真实、客观、全面地评价矿区污染治理投入决策机制,并可动态指导治理政策实施的最优时机.同时,分析了模型中各参数对污染治理决策的影响,结合案例验证了此模型在污染治理决策问题上的分析结果.结果发现,考虑了不确定性的模型有效避免了传统决策模型的局限性,可以帮助政府和煤矿企业做出科学有效的污染治理投入决策和制度设计,能更有效地推动煤矿企业安全生产的实施.本研究对环境政策的制定和实施具有理论和实践指导意义.     

N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪/硫酸溶液吸收SO_2的性能研究

采用含有羟基支链的N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪为脱硫剂,加入硫酸配制成吸收液,进行了模拟烟气中SO 2脱除性能和工艺条件的研究。结果表明:N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪/硫酸溶液对SO 2有较大的吸收容量,在实验条件下最高脱硫率可达99.96%;决定脱硫率的主要因素是初始p H值、吸收剂浓度和反应温度;对于SO 2含量在0.05%~0.4%范围内的模拟烟气,控制吸收液初始p H值6~7,吸收剂浓度0.3 mol/L,温度40~50℃,N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪/硫酸溶液具有优异的SO 2吸收和解吸性能,首次解吸率高达60.56%。