铁屑过滤-生化处理香兰素废水实验研究

为解决吉化集团香兰素废水处理难题,采用铁屑过滤-生化法处理香兰素生产废水。在进水ρ(COD)=7481 mg/L,铁屑过滤停留时间8 h,生化反应停留时间7 d的条件下,COD去除率可达90%以上。可见铁屑过滤-生化法工艺处理香兰素废水具有较好的效果。     

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characterization of soil dissolved organic matters in the fluctuating water-level zone of Kai County, Three Gorges Reservoir

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the fluorescent properties of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ) of Kai County, Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Most of the soil DOM analyzed in this study was found to contain four fluorescence peaks. Peaks A and C represent humic-like fluorescence, whereas peaks B and D represent tryptophan-like fluorescence. Peaks E and F, which represent tyrosine-like fluorescence, only appeared in certain soils. Soil humus was the main source of DOM in soil, and higher concentration of soil DOM was found in the exposed soil than submerged soil. Compared to the peaks A and B, the fluorescence intensities of peaks C and D were strongly influenced by the fluctuating water level. Analysis of fluorescence intensities of different peaks in soil DOM showed that WLFZ soil was not contaminated significantly. Soil DOM contained at least two types of humic-like fluorescence groups and two types of protein-like fluorescence groups. The proportion of the content of peak A in soil organic matter was quite stable. The soil DOM in exposed soil had relatively high humification and aromaticity, and periodic submerging and exposure of soil had an impact on the humification of soil DOM.     

九龙江口水体中有机氯农药分布特征及归宿

1999-06,对九龙江口15个站位的表层水,13个站位的间隙水进行了18种有机氯农药的测定结果表明,有机氯农药总含量在表层水中的浓度范围为51.3～2479nng/L在间隙水中的浓度范围是266～33355ng/L.对不同有机氯的含量在各站位的分布特征进行了探讨,发现Methoxychlor(甲氧滴涕),Endosulfan Sulfate(硫酸硫丹),Endrinaldehyde(乙醛异狄氏剂)以及Endosulfan II(硫丹),Dieldrin(狄氏剂),Deta-HCH和Beta-HCH 7种有机氯农药在18种有机氯农药中都占主要部分;九龙江口的六六六的含量顺序:β＞δ>α＞γ;对于滴滴涕,表层水中的含量:DDE>>DDD＞DDT;间隙水中的含量:DDE>>DDT＞DDD,二者DDE的含量都在总DDTs的50%以上,说明环境中的DDTs主要降解为DDE;九龙江口有机氯农药随着盐度梯度,在河口中呈去除趋势;且间隙水中有机氯农药比表层水中的浓度高,说明其倾向于吸附在沉积物颗粒上,其浓度差使得有机污染物可能通过再悬浮等过程从底层向上层迁移.九龙江口的有机氯农药污染与其他港湾相比,污染水平相当,部分站位水质有机氯农药(HCHs和DDTs)超过国家一类水质的标准.     

Efficient adsorption of Mn(Ⅱ) by layered double hydroxides intercalated with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and the mechanistic study

In this study, greatly enhanced Mn(II) adsorption was achieved by as-synthesized diethylenetriaminepentaacetate acid intercalated Mg/Al layered double hydroxides(LDHsDTPA). The adsorption capacity of LDHs-DTPA was 83.5 mg/g, which is much higher than that of LDHs-EDTA(44.4 mg/g), LDHs-Oxalate(21.6 mg/g) and LDHs(28.8 mg/g). The adsorption data of aqueous Mn(II) using LDHs-DTPA could be well described by the pseudosecond order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamics study results also showed that the adsorption process of Mn(II) by LDHs-DTPA was exothermic as indicated by the negative ΔH value. Furthermore, based on the structural, morphological and thermostable features, as well as FT-IR and XPS characterizations of LDHs-DTPA and the pristine LDHs, the adsorption mechanism of Mn(II) was proposed. The carboxyl groups of DTPA were proposed to be the main binding sites for Mn(II), and the hydroxyl groups of LDHs also played a minor role in the adsorption process. Among the three common regeneration reagents, 0.1 mol/L Na_2CO_3 was the best for reusing LDHs-DTPA in Mn(II)adsorption. Besides, the Mn(II) adsorption performance could be hindered in the presence of typical inorganic ions, especially cations. Further specific modifications of LDHs-DTPA are suggested to get more selective adsorption of Mn(II) in practical applications.     

Fabrication and photoelectrocatalytic properties of nanocrystalline monoclinic BiVO4 thin-film electrode

Monoclinic bismuth vanadate(BiVO4) thin film was fabricated on indium-tin oxide glass from an amorphous heteronuclear complex via dip-coating.After annealation at 400,500,and 600°C,the thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The BiVO4 particles on the ITO glass surface had a monoclinic structure.The UV-Visible diffuse reflection spectra showed the BiVO4 thin film had photoabsorption propertie...     

复合菌种协同发酵酒糟生产饲料蛋白研究

以笔者选育的８５０３和８５０５复合菌种为试验菌,以白酒糟为原料,经最适试验,确定最优条件为：培养温度３０．０℃,初始ＰＨ５．５,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４添加量为５ｍｇ／ｍｌ,投料量１０％,接种量５－１０％,发酵期限５ｄ,在最适条件试验的基础上,进行了５Ｌ发酵罐试验,发酵产物粗蛋白质含量由２３．７５％提高到３５．７５％,提高了１１．００％,其中真蛋白质提高１０．３４％,粗纤维降低了２．０５％,氨基酸总量由     

山地生态系统的脆弱性与荒漠化

荒漠化已成为全球性社会环境问题,它与脆弱的生态环境有密切关系。山地系统在景观上为农林交错带,生态系统的脆弱性表现在具有内生型脆弱性、对植被的依附性、景观过渡性以及落后的生产力等方面,荒漠化较严重。作者通过对坡面级联系统以及系统内部的反馈机制分析,讨论了山地荒漠化的运行机制,并进一步就荒漠化的防治提出几点想法。     

基于SWMM与ArcGIS的城市内涝灾害风险评估研究 ——以南浦岛为例

城市内涝对城市基础设施造成极大损害且危及市民人身财产安全,需要通过科学评估手段对城市内涝进行风险评估,是防灾减灾工作中的重要一环.以SWMM模拟四种不同设计雨情下广州市南浦岛内的积水状况,利用ArcGIS进行数据分析、功能优化及专题图制作,分析致灾因子和受灾区域性质,结合相关规范建立风险评估体系,通过分析危险性和敏感性对南浦岛主排水管网设计工程的风险评估.利用插值分析得到与实际地形地貌相吻合的灾害风险等级分布图,为防灾减灾提供了决策依据.     

固定化微生物对渗滤液DTRO出水中氨氮降解的研究

采用固定化微生物技术处理渗滤液DTRO出水中氨氮,考察不同HRT、DO以及温度对反应体系脱氮的影响。结果表明:反应器驯化周期短,能够有效地去除反应体系中的氨氮和COD,其去除率分别为98.68%、78.19%。驯化后期,反应体系中出现轮虫、累枝虫、寡毛类动物。不同水力停留时间(HRT)、溶解氧(DO)、温度影响固定化微生物脱氮效果,通过试验得出最佳工艺条件为:HRT为5 d,ρ(DO)为4.0 mg/L,温度为25~30℃。在最佳工艺条件下,出水ρ(NH_4~+-N)为13.01~19.96 mg/L,ρ(COD)为6.78~12.07 mg/L,达GB 16889—2008《垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》。     

热闷钢渣用单轨移动罩车的设计

根据钢渣热闷工艺要求进行单轨移动罩车的结构设计与行走装置的设计,通过三维建模软件及理论力学分析计算此罩车的配重及质心,使罩车与导向装置接触处的压力最小,且罩车施加给低地轨的横向静摩擦力最小。通过此方法设计的单轨移动罩车能大大改善钢渣热闷厂房的工作环境,减少厂房的腐蚀,提高厂房屋顶的寿命周期。