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291.
Structural Change of the Manufacturing Sector in Korea: Measurement of Real Energy Intensity and CO2 Emissions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jung Tae Yong Park Tae Sik 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2000,5(3):221-238
In terms of energy use, it is wellknown that energy intensity in the manufacturingsector is higher than any other sector. In Korea, theenergy intensity of the manufacturing sector hasdeteriorated since the late 1980s. This phenomenonis quite unique compared with the trend of energyintensity in other countries. In this study, weclosely examine the structural composition of Korea'smanufacturing sector from 1981 to 1996, its energyintensity, and its implications for carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions by introducing the measurement ofreal energy intensity.The conventional index of energy intensity is notappropriate for aggregate industries. Since theaggregation of industries in the manufacturing sectorincludes structural change, it would be better toseparate the effect of structural change. Hence, inthis study, we apply a decomposition methodology forenergy intensity based on the `Divisia Index'. Ateach industry level, energy intensity is a mixedmeasurement of pure energy efficiency improvement andfuel substitution. We also calculate real energyintensity at each industry level. Based on ouranalysis, we derive carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity and analyze the factors that affect CO2 emission in this sector.During 1988–1993, the energy intensity of themanufacturing sector in Korea deteriorated. Industrial structural change,the real energy intensity in this sector became evenworse during this period. The primary reason for thisphenomenon was that the share of energy intensiveindustries, such as steel, cement, and petro-chemicalindustries increased. Second, during the sameperiod, liquefied natural gas (LNG) rapidlypenetrated this sector, so that theCO2 intensity improved. We find thatharmonization of economic development strategies andenvironmental consideration is crucial for sustainabledevelopment. Based on our study, we derived somepolicy implications. Integration of industrialpolicies and energy efficiency improving programs isquite important, as well as the acceleration of fuelsubstitution to less carbon (C) intensive ones. Integration of local and global environmental policiesplays an important role for mitigatingCO2 emissions. 相似文献
292.
E. Schnepi L. Jaenicke K. Krickeberg G. Schumann G. Höhler W. Bruch D. Jung K. J. Euler C. K. Jørgensen P. Zuman J. Goubeau H. Schmidbaur L. Horner W. P. Neumann W. A. Bingel T. Reichstein W. Sandritter C. H. Eugster R. Dietz G. Ohloff H. Markl M. Lindauer 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1970,57(4):200-204
293.
294.
295.
J. Eichler H. Preuss W. Döring H. Volkmann J. Giesecke R. Lüst F. L. Boschke L. Horner W. Klemm H. Runge John M. Harkin H. Wagner L. Jaenicke Horst Eichler W. Föllmer F. Henschen M. Wiesendanger R. Schenkel G. H. R. von Koenigswald M. Runge J. Jung D. Schmähl G. Böttger 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1969,56(1):42-48
296.
Gerhard Jung 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1927,15(48-49):972-972
297.
298.
Pao‐Shan Yu Chia‐Jung Chen Shiann‐Jong Chen Shu‐Chen Lin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(1):151-166
ABSTRACT: A reliable forecasting model is essential in real‐time flood forecasting for reducing natural damage. Efforts to develop a real‐time forecasting model over the past two decades have been numerous. This work applies the Grey model to forecast rainfall and runoff owing to the model's relative ability to predict the future using a small amount of historical data. Such a model significantly differs from the stochastic and deterministic models developed previously. Ten historical storm events from two catchment areas in northern Taiwan are selected to calibrate and verify the model. Results in this study demonstrate that the proposed models can reasonably forecast runoff one to four hours ahead, if the Grey error prediction method is further used to update the output of the model. 相似文献
299.
Lead (Pb) contents and partition in soils collected from eleven vegetable-growing lands in Fujian Province, China, were investigated
using a modification of the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure coupled with the Pb isotope
ratio technique. Pb contents in Chinese white cabbage (B. Chinensis L.) grown on the lands for this study were also measured. Results showed that Pb concentrations in fifty samples of topsoil
ranged from 456 to 21.5 mg kg−1, with each mean concentration of six sampling lands exceeding the national standard (50 mg kg−1); while Pb concentrations in edible portions of thirty-two vegetable samples ranged from 0.009 to 2.20 mg kg−1, with four sampling sites exceeding the national sanitary standard (0.2 mg kg−1). A significant correlation (r = 0.971, P < 0.01) of Pb contents in the acid-extractable fractions by BCR approach and the vegetables was observed, which indicates
that the acid-extractable Pb is useful for evaluating the metal bioavailability for plants and potential risk for human health
in soils. The determination of lead isotope ratios in different chemical forms of soils by BCR sequential extraction procedures
provides useful information on the Pb isotopic composition associated with different soil fractions (especially in the acid-extractable
fractions), and the result is helpful for the further study on controlling and reducing Pb contamination in vegetable-growing
soils. 相似文献
300.
Environmental concerns have been raised that suspended solids in turbid water adversely affect human health, and that their
removal increases in the cost of water treatment. The Yongdam dam reservoir, located in the southwestern region of Korea,
is severely affected by inflowing turbid water after storms. In this study, soil samples were collected from 37 sites in the
Yongdam upstream basin to investigate mineralogical and environmental factors associated with the turbidity potential of soils
in water environments. Turbidity potential was estimated by measuring the turbidity of soil-suspension solutions after settling
for 24 h. The mineralogy of the soils was dominated by four minerals—quartz, microcline, albite, and muscovite—with lesser
amounts of hornblende, chlorite, kaolinite, illite, and mixed layer illite. The quartz content was the most variable of the
soil mineralogy among the collected samples. Principal-components analysis (PCA) was used to examine relationships between
turbidity potential and other soil properties. The variables considered in the PCA included turbidity potential, quartz content,
albite content, mean size of soil particles, clay content, clay mineral content, zeta potential, conductivity, and pH of the
soil-suspension solution. The first two components of the PCA explained 52% of the overall variation of the selected variables.
The first component was possibly explained by physical properties such as the size of the soil particles; the second was correlated
with chemical properties of the soils, for example dissolution and extent of weathering. Closer examination of the PCA results
revealed that the quartz content of the soils was negatively correlated with their turbidity potential. A linear correlation
(r = 0.63) was obtained between measured turbidity potential and that predicted using multiple regression analysis based on
the content of clay-sized particles, clay minerals, and quartz, and the conductivity of the soil-suspension solution. 相似文献