城镇社区地震应急能力评价指标体系的构建

城镇社区是构成城镇的基本单元,是政府实施社会管理的基本单元和主要依托,也是城镇防灾减灾的基本单元.城镇社区地震应急能力评价是地震应急管理的重要内容,建立社区地震应急能力评价指标体系对提高社区地震应急能力、建设地震安全社区和促进城镇地震应急管理工作具有重要意义.     

Differences in plant species diversity between conifer (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus tabulaeformis</Emphasis>) plantations and natural forests in middle of the Loess plateau

We compared differences in plant species diversity between conifer (Pinus tabulaeformis) plantations and natural secondary forests in the middle of the Loess plateau. The goal of the study was to examine the differences in the effect of stand development on species diversity and in species responses to changes between forest types and between forest layers. To clarify the effects of differences in forest management, we emphasized the functional types of plant species occurring in each forest type. The result as follow: (1) The H′ and S of tree layer were significantly lower in natural conifer forest than old conifer and secondary forest, but were not different compared with mid aged conifer forest. The H′ and S of shrub layer were significantly lower in mid aged conifer forest compared with other forest types. The H′ of herb layer showed no significant differences in the four forest types. The evenness index (J′) of tree layer of mid aged conifer forest was lower than other forest communities and its J′ of shrub layer was highest although its richness of shrub layer was lower than in the other forest types. (2) The analysis of β diversity index also indicated large differences between conifer plantations and natural forests. Although the tree layer species were similar in old plantation and natural conifer forests, they differed greatly between the natural conifer and secondary forests. The natural conifer and secondary forest species composition in shrub layer differed significantly from those in plantation and secondary plots. Tree species were significantly less common in plantations than in abandoned coppice forests. Species composition in the herb layer of different forest types was similar. (3) The management of P. tabulaeformis plantations alters plant species composition considerably; the number of sub tall-tree species is increased in old aged conifer forest, especially species dispersed by animals. Plantation management appears to affect ecological processes through seed dispersal. From the perspective of management, the change in the structure and composition of the canopy in plantations could affect the behavior of dispersers and regeneration.     

生物接触氧化/超滤/反渗透法处理稠油污水试验研究

采用生物接触氧化/超滤/反渗透工艺,对陈家庄稠油污水进行了深度处理回用注汽锅炉给水试验研究.试验结果表明,进水含油量为8.1～67.0 mg/L,浊度为35～120 NTU,矿化度为10 454～11 354 mg/L时,生物接触氧化/超滤出水含油量为<0.8 mg/L,浊度为<0.5 NTU,污染密度指数(SDI)<3,各项指标满足反渗透进水要求.反渗透出水矿化度<950 mg/L,出水各项指标优于高压注汽锅炉进水指标.     

Poplar plantation has the potential to alter the water balance in semiarid Inner Mongolia

Poplar plantation is the most dominant broadleaf forest type in northern China. Since the mid-1990s plantation was intensified to combat desertification along China's northwestern border, i.e., within Inner Mongolia (IM). This evoked much concern regarding the ecological and environmental effects on areas that naturally grow grass or shrub vegetation. To highlight potential consequences of large-scale poplar plantations on the water budget within semiarid IM, we compared the growing season water balance (evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation (PPT)) of a 3-yr old poplar plantation (Kp₃) and a natural shrubland (Ks) in the Kubuqi Desert in western IM, and a 6-yr old poplar plantation (Bp₆) growing under sub-humid climate near Beijing. The results showed that, despite 33% lower PPT at Kp₃, ET was 2% higher at Kp₃ (228 mm) as compared with Ks (223 mm) in May–September 2006. The difference derived mainly from higher ET at the plantation during drier periods of the growing season, which also indicated that the poplars must have partly transpired groundwater. Estimated growing season ET at Bp₆ was about 550 mm and more than 100% higher than at Kp₃. It is estimated that increases in leaf area index and net radiation at Kp₃ provide future potential for the poplars in Kubuqi to exceed the present ET and ET of the natural shrubland by 100–200%. These increases in ET are only possible through the permanent use of groundwater either directly by the trees or through increased irrigation. This may significantly change the water balance in the area (e.g., high ET at the cost of a reduction in the water table), which renders large-scale plantations a questionable tool in sustainable arid-land management.     

服装热湿舒适性能评价方法综述1

评价服装热湿舒适性能的方法有很多,包括主观和客观评价,物理、生理和心理方面的评价,以及各种具体的评价方法,但是一直没有对这些方法进行全面汇总研究.本文正是基于以上目的,对于服装热湿舒适性能研究中所用到的评价方法及其适用性逐一分析,最后对全面评价服装热湿舒适性能给出建议.     

辽宁大伙房水库水体中氮、磷污染的变化趋势及其防治对策

讨论了大伙房水库水体中的氮、磷污染状况及来源 ,提出了防治氮、磷污染的方案     

影响儿童呼吸系统病症的混杂因子分析

利用 Logistic回归分析 ,对影响儿童呼吸系统病症的混杂因子进行了分析 ,并在控制了混杂因子后 ,对比数比值(OR)进行了比较 ,发现双亲哮喘和双亲气喘、室内烟雾程度和家长做饭时眼部受刺激频率等因子与儿童呼吸系统健康有比较强的统计关联     

室内燃煤取暖与烟雾程度对呼吸道健康的影响研究

在儿童家庭调查问卷的基础上 ,报告室内燃煤取暖与烟雾污染程度对呼吸系统病症的影响。结果表明家庭燃煤取暖与否、室内空气烟雾程度对儿童及其父母的呼吸系统健康有不利的影响     

四城市空气粗、细颗粒物元素质量谱及富集特征

以武汉市 X荧光光谱分析数据为例 ,介绍了粗、细颗粒物中元素的质量谱及富集特征。并且 ,比较了广州、武汉、兰州、重庆四城市的污染元素及可能污染元素的某些富集特征     

室内外空气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统影响的研究

通过对污染区和对照区 2 0 0 0多名学龄儿童呼吸系统症状、疾病患病率比较 ,并运用非条件 Logistic回归分析方法 ,就室内外空气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统健康的影响 ,进行了研究。结果显示 ,污染区室内外空气污染较严重 ,大气中TSP、SO2 和 NOx 的浓度均超过国家二级标准 ,其儿童呼吸系统症状、疾病患病率明显高于对照区。对儿童呼吸系统发病有显著影响的环境因素是 :大气污染、被动吸烟、家庭燃煤、冬季取暖和室内油烟污染程度。其中咳嗽与以上五个因素有显著的正相关关系 (P<0 .0 5) ;除被动吸烟外 ,支气管炎与其它四个因素呈显著正相关 (P<0 .0 5) ;咳痰与大气污染、被动吸烟、冬季取暖和室内油烟污染程度 ,气喘和呼吸系统疾病住院率与大气污染和室内油烟污染正相关关系显著 (P<0 .0 5)。哮喘与室内外空气污染无显著的统计学联系