Impact of environmental factors on gastric cancer: A review of the scientific evidence, human prevention and adaptation

Globally, gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in prevalence and third in fatalities, and shows a distinct geographical distribution in morbidity and mortality. Such a spatial pattern indicates that environmental factors could be an important contributor to GC. We reviewed a total of 135 relevant peer-reviewed articles and other literature published 1936–2019 to investigate the scientific evidence concerning the effects of environmental factors on GC worldwide. Environmental factors affect GC from the aspects of water, soil, air, radiation, and geology. Risk factors identified include water type, water pollution, water hardness, soil type, soil pollution, soil element content, climate change, air pollution, radiation, altitude, latitude, topography, and lithology; and most of them have an adverse impact on GC. Furthermore, we found that their effects followed five common rules: (1) the leading environmental factors that affect GC incidence and mortality vary by region, (2) the same environmental factors may have different effects on GC in different regions, (3) some different environmental factors have similar effects on GC in essence, (4) different environmental factors often interact to have combined or synergistic effects on GC, and (5) environmental factors can affect human factors to have an impact on GC. Environmental factors have a great impact on GC. Human beings may prevent GC by controlling carcinogenic factors, screening high-risk populations and providing symptomatic and rehabilitative treatments. Furthermore, adaptation measures are recommended to reduce GC risk on private and public levels. Future studies should transcend existing empirical studies to develop causal relationship models and focus on vulnerable population analysis.     

典型结构单轴和三轴振动响应对比研究

目的研究单轴振动与三轴振动对典型结构振动响应的不同影响。方法通过单轴振动及三轴振动的对比实验,以典型结构悬臂梁为研究对象,利用加速度响应测量法及动应变测量法,从不同角度研究单轴振动和三轴振动对试品造成的不同影响。结果相比于单轴振动,在三轴振动下试品谐振点发生改变的同时,谐振峰响应也更为明显。另外,由于三轴同振叠加耦合作用的影响,三轴振动下试品的响应量级也略大于单轴振动。结论单轴振动与三轴振动对试品会产生不同的考核效果。     

农业非点源污染研究方法分析

非点源污染受到人们越来越多的重视,尤以农业非点源污染为重。该文在对农业非点源污染的来源、特征介绍的基础上,对国内外农业非点源污染负荷模拟模型进行了梳理,根据国内学者对入河系数、农田种植、畜禽养殖和农村生活等方面的研究做了概述,并在流域监测、3S技术、污染源区识别以及多领域结合等方面对整个农业非点源污染负荷的研究进行了建议和展望,最后对该文所述进行了总结。     

基于层次分析法的矿山地质环境影响评价研究

对治理区矿山开发过程中的地质状况进行实地调研,对治理区所处的矿山地质条件及矿山环境等展开了讨论。在此基础上,运用层次分析法对矿山地质环境影响作出定量的分析评价,文中选取目标层、标准层、指标层三个层次影响因子,计算影响因子的权重,从而得出最终影响矿山地质环境影响的结果。在定性分析的基础上,将定性分析与定量分析相结合,为后续治理区矿山开发工作研究提供借鉴意义。     

城市污水厂MCR-1基因及其携带菌的污染

研究了南京某城市污水处理厂MCR-1基因及其携带菌的污染特征,从MCR-1的分布特征、影响因素及MCR-1携带菌的耐药特征等方面综合评价.结果发现MCR-1随处理流程丰度下降,去除率达83.6%,但其相对丰度在出水中显著升高,剩余污泥中含有高浓度MCR-1,浓度达2.88×10¹²copies/L.粘菌素耐药菌同样沿处理流程逐渐降低,出水降至53CFU/mL,去除率达99.98%,但在剩余污泥中浓度高达2.04×10⁵CFU/mL.相关性分析发现MCR-1丰度与氨氮含量呈正相关,而相对丰度与COD、总氮和硝酸盐含量呈负相关.耐药特征分析表明曝气池（CAST、MSBR）和曝气生物流化池（ABFT）中MCR-1携带菌可耐受较高浓度粘菌素,且污水处理使MCR-1携带菌对粘菌素的耐受能力提高.表明污水处理流程不但无法完全去除MCR-1及其携带菌,且导致耐药性风险提高.本研究可为评价污水中以MCR-1为代表的超级抗性基因的环境风险提供参考.     

炼油工业废水局部零排放技术策略

针对我国部分炼油企业含盐废水难以达标排放这一现状,从实际情况出发,提出部分废水实施零排放处理的措施。分析了炼油废水实施零排放处理诸方面的问题,并围绕"预处理—减量化—深度浓缩—分盐结晶"的技术路线进行了探讨。     

Dynamics of major air pollutants from crop residue burning in mainland China, 2000–2014

Based on satellite image data and China's Statistical Yearbooks(2000 to 2014), we estimated the total mass of crop residue burned, and the proportion of residue burned in the field vs.indoors as domestic fuel. The total emissions of various pollutants from the burning of crop residue were estimated for 2000-2014 using the emission factor method. The results indicate that the total amount of crop residue and average burned mass were 8690.9 Tg and4914.6 Tg, respectively. The total amount of emitted pollutants including CO_2, CO, NOx,VOCs, PM_(2.5), OC(organic carbon), EC(element carbon) and TC(total carbon) were 4212.4–8440.9 Tg, 192.8–579.4 Tg, 4.8–19.4 Tg, 18.6–61.3 Tg, 18.8–49.7 Tg, 6.7–31.3 Tg, 2.3–4.7 Tg, and8.5–34.1 Tg, respectively. The emissions of pollutants released from crop residue burning were found to be spatially variable, with the burning of crop residue mainly occurring in Northeast, North and South China. In addition, pollutant emissions per unit area(10 km ×10 km) were mostly concentrated in the central and eastern regions of China. Emissions of CO_2, NOx, VOCs, OC and TC were mainly from rice straw burning, while burning of corn and wheat residues contributed most to emissions of CO, PM_(2.5) and EC. The increased ratio of PM_(2.5) emissions from crop residue burning to the total emitted from industry during the study period is attributed to the implementation of strict emissions management policies in Chinese industry. This study also provides baseline data for assessment of the regional atmospheric environment.     

美国校园安全管理探析与启示

美国是世界上最早探索如何有效保障校园安全的国家之一。本文以美国校园安全为研究对象,分别从校园安全治理组织框架、法律法规体系、安全管理模式、巩固提升与持续改进4个方面进行分析,较为系统、深入地对美国校园安全管理现状进行了剖析。依据美国校园安全管理经验,结合我国校园安全管理实际情况,提出对我国校园安全管理的一些启示。     

循环冷却水高浓缩倍率处理技术在电厂的应用研究

随着淡水资源的日益紧缺,如何提高水资源的利用率以达到节约用水的目的引起更高的关注.基于河南某电厂循环冷却水浓缩倍率仅为2.0的现状,选取两种新型高效的水处理药剂(1号、2号).经试验研究确定处理效果更佳的1号药剂为选择药剂,并确定最佳投药量为8 mg/l.将1号药剂应用到实际工程中,循环水浓缩倍率提高至6.5以上,节省了大量的水资源,同时减少废水的排放量,为该电厂带来了良好的经济和环境效益,也为类似工程的建设提供一定的参考作用.