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731.
郭守前 《中国人口.资源与环境》1992,(4)
本文利用系统动力学理论,建立了四川省土地承载能力的动态仿真模型,模型中包括土地利用、人口、种植业、畜牧业、渔业等子系统,文中阐述了土地承载力模型的建立过程和方法,模拟了四川未来45年土地承载力系统的动态变化轨迹,提出了两种方案,并对其仿真结果进行了分析。 相似文献
732.
Guo Jin Ma Jun Shi Xuehua 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(2):251-256
To understand the water purification mechanism of potassium permanganate as a coagulation-aid during the preoxidation process,
the microtopography of its reductive products, the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide and the aged hydrous manganese dioxide,
was investigated. The morphology of natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed by the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was
also compared with that of NOM alone. By using the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), the observation results show
that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide possess a perforated sheet (with a thickness of 0–1.75 nm) as well as some
spherical particle structures compared with the hydrous manganese dioxide with 2 h aging time, which demonstrated that the
newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide had a large surface area and adsorption capacity. When 1 mmol/L newly formed hydrous
manganese dioxide was added, the microtopography of NOM molecules shifted from a loosely dispersed pancake shape (with adsorption
height of 5–8.5 nm) to a densely dispersed and uniform spherical structure. These results provide a valid proof that it is
the perfect adsorption capability of the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide that might result in the coagulation aid effect
of potassium permanganate preoxidation.
Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(5): 945–949 [译自: 环境科学] 相似文献
733.
Skin cancers associated with ingesting of arsenic have been documented since the 19th century. A study in the southwestern coastal area of Taiwan where people drank well water containing arsenic is generally recognised as providing the best data available for quantifying the risk, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) used these data to conduct a risk assessment of arsenic ingestion. However, the lowest exposure category in the Taiwan study included arsenic levels up to 290 µg L–1, which is nearly six times higher than the current EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL), 50 µg L–1. Therefore, the EPA risk assessment model extrapolated data on high-level exposures to generate risk estimates for low-level exposures. To evaluate the validity of this model, we conducted a quantitative review of epidemiological studies observing arsenic exposures below 290 µg L–1. A ratio of the likelihood of the EPA model being inappropriate to that of it being appropriate was calculated for each study population as a measurement of the validity of the EPA model. Although existing human data on low-level exposures are limited, the review suggested that the EPA model is unlikely to be able to predict the risk of skin cancer accurately when the arsenic exposure level is between 170 and 270 µg L–1. 相似文献
734.
735.
736.
Evaluation of total volatile organic compound emissions from adhesives based on chamber tests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Guo H Murray F Wilkinson S 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2000,50(2):199-206
In 1997, Homeswest in western Australia and Murdoch University developed a project to construct low-allergen houses (LAHs) in a newly developed suburb. Before the construction of LAHs, all potential volatile organic compound (VOC) emission materials used in LAHs are required to be measured to ensure that they are low total VOC (TVOC) emission materials. This program was developed based on this purpose. In recent times, the number of complaints about indoor air pollution caused by VOCs has increased. A number of surveys of indoor VOCs have indicated that many indoor materials contribute to indoor air pollution. Although some studies have been conducted on the characteristics of VOC emissions from adhesives, most of them were focused on VOC emissions from floor adhesives. Few measurements of VOC emissions from adhesives used for wood, fabrics, and leather are available. Furthermore, most research on VOC emissions from adhesives has been done in countries with cool climates, where ventilation rates in the indoor environment are lower than those in Mediterranean climates, due to energy conservation. VOCs emitted from adhesives have not been sufficiently researched to prepare an emission inventory to predict indoor air quality and to determine both exposure levels for the Australian population and the most appropriate strategies to reduce exposure. An environmental test chamber with controlled temperature, relative humidity, and airflow rate was used to evaluate emissions of TVOCs from three adhesives used frequently in Australia. The quantity of TVOC emissions was measured by a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector. The primary VOCs emitted from each adhesive were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The temporal change of TVOC concentrations emitted from each adhesive was tested. A double-exponential equation was then developed to evaluate the characteristics of TVOC emissions from these three adhesives. With this double-exponential model, the physical processes of TVOC emissions can be explained, and a variety of emission parameters can be calculated. These emission parameters could be used to estimate real indoor TVOC concentrations in Mediterranean climates. 相似文献
737.
Effects of organic acids on adsorption of lead onto montmorillonite,goethite and humic acid 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Adsorption isotherms for Pb onto six soil components (quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, montmorillonite, goethite and humic acid) were studied. The influence of pH, EDTA and citric acid on the adsorption of Pb onto montmorillonite, goethite and humic acid were considered. Results indicate that the experimental data fit the Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm. The adsorption capacity for Pb at pH 6 was found to be in the order: humic acid (22.7 mg g(-1)) > goethite (11.04 mg g(-1)) > montmorillonite (10.4 mg g(-1)) > kaolinite (0.91 mg g(-1)) > feldspar (0.503 mg g(-1)) > quartz (0.148 mg g(-1)). Generally, the amount of Pb adsorbed onto montmorillonite, goethite and humic acid decreased with increasing concentrations of EDTA and citric acid and with increases in alkality. However, there were two exceptions: (1) addition of citric acid increased the amount of Pb adsorbed onto humic acid; and (2) the amount of Pb adsorbed onto goethite decreased with increasing pH in the presence of EDTA. Some mechanisms involved in the adsorption reactions are discussed. 相似文献
738.
Li Guo Shuli Ma Dongsen Zhao Bo Zhao Bingfang Xu Jiwen Wu 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2019,69(8):934-943
Scientists have effectively proved that vegetative environment buffers (VEBs) can be used for reducing dust emissions from livestock buildings, but they have seen fewer tests in poultry farms. A field research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of VEBs on reducing downwind transport of particulate matter (PM) from a ventilated poultry house in Changchun. Five plant species transferred from local area were used to establish five diverse VEBs and separately installed outside of the ventilation fans in summer 2017. The five plant species were Winged Euonymus (WE), Malus Spectabilis (MS), Padus Maackii (PAA), Acer Saccharum Marsh (ASM), and Padus Virginiana “Red Select Shrub” (PV_RSS). The mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm and 10 μm or less, respectively) were monitored at downwind and upwind sampling locations around the VEB. The results showed that with the presenting of VEBs, the particle concentrations at the downwind sampling point were significantly reduced compared with that at the upwind sampling point (p < 0.05). Specifically, compared to the control test without VEB, the VEB with PV_RSS had the best PM concentration reduction rate (CRR) of 47.24%±4.33% and 41.13%±5.83% for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The rough surface of plant leaves may help intercept more PM, though it was also affected by other factors (such as the blade angle, the interaction with wind) needed to be further investigated. The VEB with PV_RSS, which presented the best capacity of CRR, selectively intercepted PM, mainly related to the elements of N, Na, Mg, P, S, and Cl.
Implications: Five plant species, including WE, PAA, MS, ASM, and PV_RSS, were evaluated as VEBs to mitigate particulate emissions from outside of a ventilated poultry house in Changchun. They all significantly reduced particulate matter emissions. However, the PV_RSS presented the best capability of trapping fine and coarse particles: PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, while the PAA was the worst one. The microstructure of leaves affected particle deposition and remaining on the leaves, and PV_RSS selectively intercepted particulate matter mainly related to certain elements. 相似文献
739.
西安地区旅游景点水体卫生细菌学调查及保护对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以粪大肠菌和异养细菌总数做指标,对西安地区旅游景点水体的卫生细菌学状况进行了调查。结果表明,西安市区内旅游景点的人工湖、天然湖等大都受到不同程度的污染,而离市区较远、海拔较高的旅游景点则污染较轻。 相似文献
740.
面向可持续发展的水资源管理问题的探讨 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
可持续发展战略已引起世界各国的普遍重视和关注。本文从可持续发展的角度,对水资源的状况和水资源管理政策进行了分析,提出了二十一世纪面向可持续发展的水资源管理原则、管理模式和对策。论文的研究对改进我国的水资源管理具有重要意义。 相似文献