Distribution and leaching of methyl iodide in soil following emulated shank and drip application

Methyl iodide (MeI) is a promising alternative to methyl bromide in soil fumigation. The pest-control efficacy and ground water contamination risks of MeI as a fumigant are highly related to its gas-phase distribution and leaching after soil application. In this study, the distribution and leaching of MeI in soil following shank injection and subsurface drip application were investigated. Methyl iodide (200 kg ha(-1)) was directly injected or drip-applied at a 20-cm depth into Arlington sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic Haplic Durixeralfs) columns (12-cm i.d., 70-cm height) tarped with virtually impermeable film. Concentration profiles of MeI in the soil air were monitored for 7 d. Methyl iodide diffused rapidly after soil application, and reached a 70-cm depth within 2 h. Relative to shank injection, drip application inhibited diffusion, resulting in significantly lower concentration profiles in the soil air. Seven days after MeI application, fumigated soil was uncapped, aerated for 7 d, and leached with water. Leaching of MeI was significant from the soil columns under both application methods, with concentrations of >10 mug L(-1) in the early leachate. The leaching was greater following shank injection than drip application, with an overall potential of 33 g ha(-1) for shank injection and 19 g ha(-1) for drip application. Persistent residues of MeI remaining in soils after leaching were 50 to 240 ng kg(-1), and the contents were slightly higher following shank injection than drip application. The results suggest that fumigation with MeI may pose a risk of ground water contamination in vulnerable areas.     

Characterization of total volatile organic compound emissions from paints

Recently, Homeswest in Western Australia and Murdoch University developed a project to construct low allergen houses (LAH) in a newly developed suburb. All potential volatile organic compound (VOC) emission materials used in LAH are required to be measured before the construction of LAH, to ensure they are low VOCs emission materials. To protect people sensitive to exposure to VOCs it is important to evaluate and select low VOCs emitting paints. In this paper, therefore, twelve different paints provided by local manufacturers were selected for analysis to characterize total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) emissions. Emissions of TVOCs from six organic solvent-soluble paints and six water-soluble paints were evaluated using a small test chamber under controlled temperature, relative humidity and air exchange rates. The major volatile organic compounds in these paints were also identified. The time dependence of TVOC emissions from paint products in the chamber was evaluated. TVOC emissions from organic solvent-soluble and water-soluble paints were compared. The influence of air exchange rate on the TVOC concentrations emitted from organic solvent-soluble and water-soluble paints was also investigated. A double-exponential equation was used to evaluate emission characteristics of TVOC from paint products. With this double-exponential model, the physical processes of TVOC emissions can be explained. A variety of emission parameters can be calculated and used to estimate real indoor TVOCs concentrations.     

关于硝酸铵爆炸事前评价的探讨

硝酸铵主要用作肥料大量使用 ,或作为制造工业炸药的重要原料 ,是一种强氧化剂 ,同时又是自反应性物质 ,国内外因对其控制或管理不当 ,曾发生多起重大爆炸事故。为防止在生产、贮存、运输以及使用过程中的爆炸事故 ,笔者探讨并提出了硝酸铵爆炸事前评价模式。这种评价方法 ,对控制和预防硝酸铵发生事故 ,有借鉴、推广和现实意义。     

生物工程对提高路基安全稳定的研究

详细阐述了路基边坡遭受侵蚀破坏的机理及边坡破坏的表现方式 ;着重分析了植被措施对路基的重要防护作用 ;提出了综合生物工程技术应在路基工程中广泛应用。     

粘土类吸附剂在污水处理中的应用

吸附技术处理污水是目前环境污染治理的常用技术之一 ,吸附剂的选择是该技术的关键。粘土类吸附剂具有比表面大 ,吸附容量大等特点 ,对污染物具有良好的去除效果 ;且来源广 ,价格低廉 ,不造成二次污染 ,在污水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

生物脱氮除磷工艺中的微生物及其相互关系

本文着重对近年来脱氮除磷微生物学方面的研究进展进行了综述 ,分析了生物脱氮除磷反应器中各类功能微生物间的相互作用关系 ,营养物代谢机理和对处理效率的贡献 ,讨论了脱氮除磷生物学应深入研究的一些问题。     

接触絮凝研究进展

接触絮凝的概念源于直接过滤 ,是指介质存在时的絮凝作用。由于简便易行、处理效果良好 ,接触絮凝方法处于迅速发展之中 ,并且具有广泛的应用前景。其研究范围包括物理、化学、胶体界面过程等相互作用。本文以溶液中的颗粒物相互作用为基础 ,对接触絮凝理论的发展加以简要概述     

压缩空气对井下热环境的降温效果研究

压缩空气是矿山井下常用动力,它具有膨胀吸热的特性,因而可用于改善井下作业环境与气候条件。通过对矿井压缩空气吸热量的计算,分析了压气对井下热工作面的降温影响,并获得了压气与工作面降温效果的数学关系。还对井下采用压气降温进行了经济评价,指出了压气降温仍为我国深井局部降温的一种可供选择的好方法。     

邢钢铁路运输安全管理工作经验

介绍了企业运输安全管理系统预先危险性分析、预防和控制的经验。     

粉煤灰的有效利用

介绍了我国粉煤灰利用状况及政策,结合实例分析了粉煤灰的有效利用和清洁生产对促进粉煤灰有效利用的作用。