铅锌矿尾矿制备陶粒处理选矿废水

以铅锌矿浮选尾矿为原料,水玻璃和木质素作为添加剂,通过高温焙烧,制备水处理陶粒,并用其对选矿废水进行了吸附处理实验研究。实验结果表明,在不添加任何添加剂的条件下,800℃左右烧制的陶粒对选矿废水的COD吸附效果较好,COD去除率达到87.1%;当木质素+水玻璃作为粘结剂烧制陶粒时,不仅陶粒散落减少,COD的去除率和吸附容量都有所增加,COD去除率达到了88.21%,从而达到了"以废治废"的目的。     

油田污染土壤中石油烃类微生物及其降解基因的分布

以原油为唯一碳源,运用传统分离培养法,从中国江苏省淮安市金南油田石油污染土壤中筛选出9株具有原油降解功能的菌株并分别命名为JN1~JN9。对其进行形态观察、生理生化实验和分子生物学鉴定,最终确定其分别隶属于Lysinibacillus、Pseudomonas、Raoultella等5个菌属;在适宜条件下进行降解实验,9株菌对原油的降解率最高可达到32.63%;进一步对9株菌进行质粒和基因组上原油降解基因的分析,结果表明,GSTs基因广泛分布在其中8株菌的基因组上,同时JN1、JN3、JN4的质粒上也检测到了GSTs基因; alkB基因分别在7株菌的基因组中和2株菌的质粒检出;LmPH基因仅在JN9的基因组上检出。利用分子生物学手段对石油降解菌降解基因的分布的初步研究结果,可为原油污染场地的微生物修复提供理论依据。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定室内环境空气中TVOC浓度的研究

本文研究了影响气相色谱法测定室内空气中TVOC(总挥发性有机化合物)浓度的主要因素。采样过程中如流量达不到0 . 5L min ,可通过延长采样时间使最终采样体积达到10L ;采样前延长通风时间使室内外空气充分对流,有利于室内残留污染物质的扩散,能反映重新封闭后有机挥发物1h时段内释放的实际浓度。TVOC各组分的热解吸率与该组分的分子量和极性有关;热解吸率随解吸时间的延长而降低,操作中以1～3min比较合适。将初始柱温从5 0℃提高到70℃,不设停留时间,终止温度从2 5 0℃降为2 30℃,可以将样品分析时间由5 5min缩短到32min而对分析结果几乎没有影响。     

粉煤灰中微量元素浸出特性试验研究

通过采用不同pH值的浸出剂对淮南上窑贮灰场中粉煤灰进行了室内浸泡试验研究,得出粉煤灰中微量元素的浸出规律.结果表明:微量元素Cu,Mn,Cd,Ni,Zn随着pH值的增大析出浓度减少,而Cr随着pH值的增大溶出浓度增大,B的溶出与pH值的关系不明显;粉煤灰中微量元素溶出率很低,不会对环境造成污染.     

Synergistic effect of Pt nanoparticles and micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 in VOCs low-temperature removal

Micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites were obtained by the post-treatment of tetrahydroxy ammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) solution with different concentration. The hierarchical pore structure formed during the desilication process facilitates the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles and Pt/ZSM-5 catalysts exhibit rather high catalytic activity for the deep oxidation of various VOCs at low temperature. The catalyst treated with TPAOH of 0.1 mol/L (Pt/ZSM-5(0.1)) shows the lowest degradation temperature (T_90%) of 128 and 142°C, respectively for benzene and n-hexane. Compared with the untreated Pt/ZSM-5 catalyst, the abundant mesopores, small Pt particle size and finely dispersed Pt contribute to the superior catalytic activity and stability of the Pt/ZSM-5 catalysts for VOCs removal. More importantly, the existence of H₂O in the feed gases hardly affected the activity of Pt/ZSM-5(0.1) catalyst at the low reaction temperature of 128°C, which is very important for VOCs low-temperature removal in the future practical applications.     

CSTR水力学模型数值求解方法探讨

CSTR模型是河流水质模拟的常用模型之一,其中水力学模型是影响CSTR模型数值稳定性的关键因素,但迄今为止对CSTR水力学模型数值稳定性鲜有充分的讨论. 以赣江朝阳水厂至八一桥北段为例,采用实测数据,分单箱积分和整体积分2种方式,讨论了Runge-Kutta-Felberg方法(RKF)、经典四阶Runge-Kutta方法(RK4)和二级四阶隐式Runge-Kutta方法(RK2)的数值稳定性、模拟精度和时间效率. 结果表明,与国际上目前常用的单箱积分相比,整体积分具有更好的稳定性. 3种Runge-Kutta方法的稳定性排序是RKF相似文献   

土壤水分有效性研究综述

本文对土壤水分有效性的诸多方面，如田间持水量，凋萎湿度，土壤有效水量，土壤水分有效性的经典概念，土壤水分有效性的新概念，以及描述土壤水分有效性的评价标准和方法等，进行了介绍、评述和论述．     

西安市高新区采暖期大气颗粒物污染状况分析

为了解西安市高新区采暖期大气颗粒物(包括PM1 0和PM2.5)污染状况,于2013年1月1日到2013年3月15日在高新区进行了为期74 d的连续自动采样。结果表明:采样期间高新区PM1 0的小时浓度范围28~1744μg/m3,平均浓度为332μg/m3;PM2.5的小时浓度范围13~946μg/m3,平均浓度为207μg/m3。PM2.5占PM1 0的平均比例为63.8%。颗粒物浓度日变化呈现弱双峰特征,分别在凌晨2:00和上午7:00~8:00左右达到浓度最高值,但是上午的峰值并不明显。颗粒物在15:00~1 6:00之间浓度达到最低值,由于受采暖影响,18:00之后颗粒物浓度明显上升。     

Short term effects of copper, sulfadiazine and difloxacin on the anaerobic digestion of pig manure at low organic loading rates

Antibiotics of inorganic and organic origin in pig manure can inhibit the anaerobic process in biogas plants. The influence of three frequently used antibiotics, copper dosed as CuSO₄, sulfadiazine (SDZ), and difloxacin (DIF), on the anaerobic digestion process of pig manure was studied in semi-continuous experiments. Biogas production recovered after every Cu dosage up to a sum of 12.94 g Cu kg⁻¹ organic dry matter (ODM), probably due to Cu precipitation following the formation of sulphide from sulphate. Complete inhibition was found at the very high Cu concentration of 19.40 g Cu kg⁻¹ ODM. Inhibitory effect of SDZ and DIF was observed at concentrations as high as 2.70 g kg⁻¹ ODM and 0.54 g kg⁻¹ ODM, respectively. It seems very unlikely that the antibiotics tested would inhibit the anaerobic process in a full-scale biogas plant.     

Effect of ozone on the performance of a hybrid ceramic membrane-biological activated carbon process

Two hybrid processes including ozonation-ceramic membrane-biological activated carbon （BAC） （Process A） and ceramic membrane-BAC （Process B） were compared to treat polluted raw water. The performance of hybrid processes was evaluated with the removal efficiencies of turbidity, ammonia and organic matter. The results indicated that more than 99% of particle count was removed by both hybrid processes and ozonation had no significant effect on its removal. BAC filtration greatly improved the removal of ammonia. Increasing the dissolved oxygen to 30.0 mg/L could lead to a removal of ammonia with concentrations as high as 7.80 mg/L and 8.69 mg/L for Processes A and B, respectively. The average removal efficiencies of total organic carbon and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm （UV254, a parameter indicating organic matter with aromatic structure） were 49% and 52% for Process A, 51% and 48% for Process B, respectively. Some organic matter was oxidized by ozone and this resulted in reduced membrane fouling and increased membrane flux by 25%-30%. However, pre-ozonation altered the components of the raw water and affected the microorganisms in the BAC, which may impact the removals of organic matter and nitrite negatively.