基于区域组团式水热能综合利用的化纤行业节能减排模式

介绍了区域组团式水热能综合利用的模式,区域组团式水热能综合利用以节能、降耗、减污、增效为目标,从大型企业、工业园区或镇市三个层面构建包含有工业企业、商业办公区、居民区、污水处理厂、热电厂及水体在内的多主体的水、热、能综合利用网络,形成以水为物质和能量载体的新的利用模式。以污水厂和热泵为中心的江苏恒力集团有限公司(简称恒力集团)的水热能综合利用网络,可实现集团内的废水零排放,回收的能源占恒力集团能源年消耗量的9.4%,年产生效益约4820万元。组团式水热能综合利用的思路为当前我国各行业的节能减排提供了一种新模式。     

长江八里江江段江豚种群数量、行为及其活动规律与保护

1989－1999年，在长江八里江江段对江豚进行了28次往返观察和8次定点观察。结果表明，近10年八里江江段江豚种群数量遥感量逐年呈明显递减趋势，平均每年以7．3％速率递减；1996年后，枯水季节江豚不再进行江一湖迁移，其活动范围仅限于约20km长的八里江江口上下江段，较1993年以前缩短了约40km。江豚在八里江江段的行为多种多样，通过对江豚种群在八里江江段的集群、摄食、逃避、发情与交配、抚幼、歇息和玩耍行为的描述、比较和分析，认为长江八里江江段是江豚典型的摄食和抚幼场所，同时也是江豚大规模集群的适宜栖居地。提出了加强八里江江段江豚种群常年监测的必要性，并对八里江江段江豚种群的就地保护提出了建议。     

Antecedents of satisfaction and engagement of low-carbon bicycle-sharing using in China

Transport sector contributed numerous carbon emissions in China. It is important to promote low-carbon bicycle-sharing using in China. This paper aims to analyze the influencing factors of the satisfaction and engagement of bicycle-sharing in China. An extended model of customer satisfaction is established, which considers both customer satisfaction theory and customer engagement theory. We explore the different effect of convenience, health, safety, and facility on satisfaction of bicycle-sharing using. We also explore the role of satisfaction on three different dimensions of engagement: enthusiasm, participation, and social interaction. Multi-group structure equation model is employed to explore the different roles of gender on the determinants of satisfaction and engagement of bicycle-sharing using. The findings reveal that facilities had the larger effect on satisfaction of bicycle-sharing using than safety and health for male. Safety had the largest influence on satisfaction of bicycle-sharing using for female, followed by facility, convenience, and health.

     

Effects of operating parameters on in situ NH3 emission control during kitchen waste composting and correlation analysis of the related microbial communities

Ammonia emission during composting results in anthropogenic odor nuisance and reduces the agronomic value of the compost due to the loss of nitrogen. Adjusting the operating parameters during composting is an emerging in situ odor control technique that is cheap and highly efficient. The effects of in situ NH₃ emission control were investigated in this study by simultaneously adjusting key operating parameters (such as C/N ratio, aeration rate, and moisture content) during the composting processes (C1–C9). Results showed that the average NH₃ emission concentrations for different treatments were in the order of C1 > C4 > C2 > C5 > C3 > C6 > C7 > C8 > C9. The total content of NH₃ emission (21.02 g/kg) in C9 (C/N ratio = 35, aeration rate = 15 L/min, and moisture content = 60%) was much lower than that (65.95 g/kg) in C1 (C/N ratio = 15, aeration rate = 5 L/min, and moisture content = 60%). The nitrogen loss ratio was 27.36% for C1, while 16.15% for C9. The microbial diversity and abundance in C9 and C1 were compared using high-throughput sequencing. The relationship between NH₃ emission, operating parameters, and the related functional microbial communities was also investigated. Results revealed that Nitrosospira, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Pseudomonas, Methanosaeta, Rhodobacter, Paracoccus, and Sphingobacterium were negatively related to NH₃ emission. According to the above results, the optimal values for different operating parameters for the in situ NH₃ control during kitchen waste composting were, respectively, moisture content of 70%, C/N ratio of 35, and aeration rate of 15 L/min, with the order of effectiveness from high to low being aeration rate > C/N > moisture. This information could be used as a valuable reference for the in situ NH₃ emission control during kitchen waste composting.

     

Feasibility of iron scraps for enhancing nitrification of domestic wastewater at low temperatures

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of an effective approach to improve low-temperature nitrification of domestic wastewater remains an important issue that needs to be...     

Phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite in the presence of Mn(II): Fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI)

Ferrihydrite is an important sink for the toxic heavy metal ions, such as Cr(VI). As ferrihydrite is thermodynamically unstable and gradually transforms into hematite and goethite, the stability of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite is environmentally significant. This study investigated the phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite at different pH in the presence of aqueous Mn(II), as well as the fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI) in the transformation process of ferrihydrite. Among the ferrihydrite transformation products, hematite was dominant, and goethite was minor. The pre-adsorbed Cr(VI) inhibited the conversion of ferrihydrite to goethite at initial pH 3.0, whereas little amount of adsorbed Mn(II) favored the formation of goethite at initial pH 7.0. After the aging process, Cr species in solid phase existed primarily as Cr(III) in the presence of Mn(II) at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0. The aqueous Mn concentration was predominantly unchanged at initial pH 3.0, whereas the aqueous Mn(II) was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite or form Mn(OH)₂ precipitates at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, promoting the immobilization of Cr(VI). Moreover, the oxidation of Mn(II) occurred at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, forming Mn(III/IV) (hydr)oxides.     

铸造起重机多单元装配与耦合建模分析

结构建模分析是工程应用领域中应用较为普遍的一种分析设计方法,对于简单的几何模型实体单元不仅能够得到较高的精度而且能够很好地再现结构受力特性,应力云图具有较高的展示度,而对于复杂的几何模型,实体模型不仅消耗大量的建模时间,而且求解时间也相对较长.文中分析了Solid-Shell-Beam(S-S-B)多单元建模及耦合技术原理,建立了铸造起重机S-S-B多单元装配模型,通过S-S-B多单元模型与实体模型的对比分析,验证了S-S-B单元装配模型计算准确性,最后利用S-S-B单元耦合分析方法计算了铸造起重机在空载、满载、偏载等典型工况下的结构受力情况,为铸造起重机的设计、校核及使用维护提供技术支撑.     

The dispersion,stability, and resuspension of C60 in environmental water matrices

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environmental waters cover a range of water quality characteristics which could greatly affect the behavior and fate of C60 in the aquatic...     

Perfluoroalkyl substances in the Lingang hybrid constructed wetland,Tianjin, China: occurrence,distribution characteristics,and ecological risks

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the occurrence, spatial distribution, sources, and ecological risks of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the surface waters of the...     

Binding and detoxification of chlorpyrifos by lactic acid bacteria on rice straw silage fermentation

This investigation examined the reduction of pesticide residues on straw inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during ensiling. Lactobacillus casei WYS3 was isolated from rice straw that contained pesticide residues. Non-sterilized rice straw, which was inoculated with L. casei WYS3, showed increased removal of chlorpyrifos after ensiling, compared with rice straw that was not inoculated with L. casei WYS3 or sterilized rice straw. In pure culture, these strains can bind chlorpyrifos as indicated by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Viable L. casei WYS3 was shown to bind 33.3–42% of exogenously added chlorpyrifos. These results are similar to those of acid-treated cells but less than those of heat-treated cells, which were found to bind 32.0% and 77.2% of the added chlorpyrifos respectively. Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis determined that L. casei WYS3 detoxified chlorpyrifos via P-O-C cleavage. Real-time polymerized chain reaction analysis determined that organophosphorus hydrolase gene expression tripled after the addition of chlorpyrifos to LAB cultures, compared with the control group (without chlorpyrifos). This paper highlights the potential use of LAB starter cultures for the detoxification and removal of chlorpyrifos residues in the environment.