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991.
992.
Methyl iodide (MeI) is a promising alternative to methyl bromide in soil fumigation. The pest-control efficacy and ground water contamination risks of MeI as a fumigant are highly related to its gas-phase distribution and leaching after soil application. In this study, the distribution and leaching of MeI in soil following shank injection and subsurface drip application were investigated. Methyl iodide (200 kg ha(-1)) was directly injected or drip-applied at a 20-cm depth into Arlington sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic Haplic Durixeralfs) columns (12-cm i.d., 70-cm height) tarped with virtually impermeable film. Concentration profiles of MeI in the soil air were monitored for 7 d. Methyl iodide diffused rapidly after soil application, and reached a 70-cm depth within 2 h. Relative to shank injection, drip application inhibited diffusion, resulting in significantly lower concentration profiles in the soil air. Seven days after MeI application, fumigated soil was uncapped, aerated for 7 d, and leached with water. Leaching of MeI was significant from the soil columns under both application methods, with concentrations of >10 mug L(-1) in the early leachate. The leaching was greater following shank injection than drip application, with an overall potential of 33 g ha(-1) for shank injection and 19 g ha(-1) for drip application. Persistent residues of MeI remaining in soils after leaching were 50 to 240 ng kg(-1), and the contents were slightly higher following shank injection than drip application. The results suggest that fumigation with MeI may pose a risk of ground water contamination in vulnerable areas. 相似文献
993.
Adsorption of CrVI and p-methoxyphenol (PMP) on soil colloids at different pH media was studied. The resulting k1 and n of 1.89 x 10(2) and 0.53 (r2 = 0.99) and k2 and b of 0.13 and 1.25 x 10(3) (r2 = 0.96) were obtained from Freundlich (Q = k1Caqn) and Langmuir [Q = k2bCaq/(1 + k2Caq)] simulation equations, respectively, for CrVI adsorption on soil colloids (pH 4.20). The adsorption of PMP on soil colloids in pH 5.72 media was simulated by five different equations and the results indicated that the Fritz-Schluender one (r2 = 1.00) was the most suitable among them. Adsorption quantity of CrVI and PMP on colloids increased with increasing acidity in the pH range of 3.5-9.0. Study of CrVI adsorption kinetics indicated that the adsorption equilibrium of CrVI was reached rapidly within 2 h. In pure aqueous solution, CrVI reduction by PMP was observed only when the media's pH was lower than 4.0. Oxidation and reduction reaction between CrVI and p-methoxyphenol obviously occurred when soil colloids were involved in this system, even at pH > or = 7.0, which strongly suggested that minerals in soil colloids acted as catalysts to speed the reaction of CrVI and PMP. The oxidized product of PMP by CrVI, extracted by chloroform in acid media and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was identified as benzoquinone. The reaction included two steps of one electron process. 相似文献
994.
995.
电化学法生成Fenton试剂及其在工业染料废水降解脱色中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以多孔石墨电极为阴极 ,电解时在阴极通以氧气或空气 ,电解生成的过氧化氢与阳极溶解的Fe2 +进行随后化学反应 ,现场生成羟基自由基 (Fenton试剂 ) ,进而对有机染整工业废水进行降解脱色反应。以可见光吸收谱图表征了工业染料废水经电解槽处理后吸光度的变化 ,以重铬酸钾法测试染料处理后的COD。实验结果表明 ,COD的去除率大于 80 % ,染料的脱色率达 1 0 0 % ,若将电解电流密度控制在 1 0mA/cm2 以下 ,槽电压可控制在 5V以内。实验结果表明 ,向阴极多孔石墨电极中通入空气与通入氧气的效果一致。 相似文献
996.
997.
A comparison of mussels (Perna viridis) and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) was carried out at five sites, representing a gradient of contaminant concentrations, in Hong Kong coastal waters. Mussels, originally collected from a “clean” location, were deployed along with SPMDs at each site for 30 days. Analyses for chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) indicated that SPMDs have potential as monitoring tools, and to some extent can overcome the problems associated with mussels, such as natural variability, differing age, sex, and physical condition. However, in most cases, SPMDs failed to rank the sites in the same order as mussels in terms of contaminant concentrations. Nonetheless, in localities where mussels cannot survive – as shown at Kwun Tong in the present experiment – SPMDs may be valuable in providing an indication of potentially bio-available lipophilic pollutants. 相似文献
998.
在分析国内外危险废物分级管理经验的基础上,结合健康风险的评估步骤,提出了基于全过程危险废物污染物释放情景的精细化-动态健康风险评价方法。充分考虑处理利用工艺、企业管理水平等因素对于危险废物中污染物释放概率和能力的影响,并基于污染物向环境介质的迁移转化,定量评估危险废物的健康风险。基于危险废物污染特性数据库和事故情景数据库,结合全过程信息采集技术,构建危险废物分级分类管理平台,进行涉废企业的风险级别划分,实施差异化管理,形成更加科学有效的危险废物全过程精细化管理体系。 相似文献
999.
采用Na2CO3溶液将SO2-4/TiO2表面的SO2-4洗脱下来,用热重(TG)、NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)和吡啶吸附的红外光谱等手段,分析洗脱前后SO2-4/TiO2表面的酸量和酸类型的变化;在相同晶型、结晶度和吸光特性条件下,考察了SO2-4/TiO2表面的酸性对Cr(Ⅵ)光催化还原效率的影响.结果表明:SO2-4/TiO2表面同时存在Lewis酸位和Bronsted酸位,通过Na2CO3溶液降低SO2-4/TiO2表面的酸量并去除Bronsted酸位后,其对Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化活性显著降低. 相似文献
1000.
有机废水制取氢气及COD的去除 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对当前能源紧缺以及有机废水治理和回收再利用的需求,采用驯化的河底污泥发酵模拟有机废水,研究了不同有机废水制取氢气和去除有机物的效果.结果表明:在相同条件下,糖源质量浓度均为1.67 g·L-1、废水体积为300 mL、pH=5.5、θ=40℃时,糖源为葡萄糖、蔗糖和淀粉的三种有机废水总产氢气量分别是309.36 mL,318.18 mL,8.20 mL,含蔗糖的废水总产氢气量最高.含蔗糖和葡萄糖的废水COD去除率分别是78.00%和76.92%,而含淀粉的废水COD去除率仅为55%.此外,废水产氢规律与从污泥里筛选出的产氢菌生长曲线有密切的关系.厌氧发酵产氢是一个复杂的过程,它受底物种类、底物浓度、pH值和温度等因素的影响.用驯化的污泥来发酵含糖浓度较高的有机废水,不仅可以收集到大量的生物质能氢气,而且一定程度上缓解了有机废水污染环境的问题. 相似文献