茂兰自然保护区景观格局空间变化研究

为促进保护区生态环境和地区社会经济的可持续发展,应用2005、2010年茂兰地区高分辨率影像和1∶5万地形图,基于Arc GIS、FRAGSTATS软件平台,采用移动窗口法、DEM,对茂兰自然保护区景观格局的空间结构及其演化进行研究。结果表明:1)保护区景观格局呈明显的5个团状高值区,中心区域异质性显著;2)从实验区到核心区,SHDI下降65%,ED降幅46.73%,LSI下降49.71%,PD下降40.21%,同时CONTAG上升43.95%,LPI上升达107.01%,景观由实验区团状、均衡、破碎化,向南部农用地随道路的延伸而镶嵌分布的格局转化,其中缓冲区整体空间密度高,异质性强;3)研究区人工景观集中分布在坡度0°~5°之间,自然景观以35°~45°向两侧递减,5°~25°间面积最小,实验区格局演化呈良性,要防止居民点向陡坡地区蔓延;缓冲区与核心区格局演化呈不合理,缓冲区不但要防止居民点向陡坡地区蔓延,还应合理规划道路、还林还草,提高农用地利用效率;核心区毁林开荒现象较为严重,且农用地利用率低;4)造成格局差异的因素主要包括保护区发展的政策导向、特殊的地理形态以及不合理的土地利用。     

Effect of current emission abatement strategies on air quality improvement in China: A case study of Baotou, a typical industrial city in Inner Mongolia

The nationalAirPollutionPreventionandControlActionPlanrequiredsignificant decreases inPM2.5 levels overChina.Toexploremoreeffectiveemissionabatement strategies inindustrialcities,acasestudywasconductedinBaotoutoevaluatethecurrent national controlmeasures.ThetotalemissionsofSO2, NOX, PM2.5 and NMVOC (non-methanevolatileorganiccompounds)inBaotouwere211.2Gg,156.1Gg,28.8Gg, and 48.5Gg,respectivelyin2013,andtheywouldexperienceareductionof30.4%,26.6%, 15.1%, and8.7%,respectivelyin2017and39.0%,32.0%,24.4%,and12.9%,respectivelyin 2020. TheSO2, NOX and PM2.5 emissionsfromtheindustrialsectorwouldexperiencea greater decrease,withreductionsof37%,32.7and24.3%,respectively.From2013to2020, the concentrationsofSO2, NO2, andPM2.5 are expectedtodeclinebyapproximately30%, 10% and14.5%,respectively.ThereductionrateofSNA(sulfate,nitrateandammonium) concentrationswassignificantlyhigherthanthatofPM2.5 in 2017,implyingthatthecurrent key strategytowardcontrollingairpollutantsfromtheindustrialsectorismorepowerful for SNA.Althoughairpollutioncontrolmeasuresimplementedintheindustrialsector could greatlyreducetotalemissions,constrainingtheemissionsfromlowersourcessuch as residentialcoalcombustionwouldbemoreeffectiveindecreasingtheconcentrationof PM2.5 from 2017to2020.Theseresultssuggestthatevenforatypicalindustrialcity,the reduction ofPM2.5 concentrationsnotonlyrequiresdecreasesinemissionsfromthe industrial sector,butalsofromthelowemissionsources.Theseasonalvariationinsulfate concentrationalsoshowedthatemissionfromcoal-burningisthekeyfactortocontrol during theheatingseason.     

企业绿色管理障碍及对策研究

随着中国环境的日益恶化,企业经营活动与自然环境的冲突是政府、企业和学术界关注的热点话题.实现绿色制造和绿色产品生产供给是企业面临的一项重要议题.绿色管理作为一种新的管理模式,在落实新发展理念、推动绿色发展过程中起着重要作用.根据现有文献梳理了绿色管理演变过程和绿色管理的障碍因素,在此基础上提出了绿色管理对策.对于企业而言,增强企业领导的绿色承诺、实施绿色实践和绿色人力资源管理是企业实现绿色管理的重要举措.同时,只有实施绿色管理,企业才可能实现可持续性发展.     

华北地区几种冬闲覆盖作物碳氮蓄积及其对土壤理化性质的影响

充分利用华北地区冬季空闲耕地及光热资源,以冬闲耕地为对照,研究二月兰（Orychophragmus violaceus）、毛苕（Vicia uillosa Roth.）、黑麦草（Secale cereale L.）、草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）、紫花苜蓿（Medicago satiua L.）5种不同冬闲覆盖作物地上部、地下部以及总碳、氮的蓄积量及其对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：5种覆盖作物总干物质质量在4.6-8.82 t.hm-2之间,是冬闲田干物质质量的1.6-3.1倍。5种覆盖作物全碳蓄积量在1.80-3.14 t.hm-2之间,是冬闲田碳蓄积量的1.9-3.3倍。与对照相比,各覆盖处理均明显提高氮素蓄积,尤以苜蓿最佳,达到了202.8 kg.hm-2,差异显著。试验选择5种肥覆盖均可提高土壤有机质质量分数（0.90-2.86 g.kg）;黑麦草覆盖可明显降低土壤容重（0.08 g.cm3）;毛苕和苜蓿栽培均可显著降低土壤pH,但同时土壤盐分有所增加;二月兰和黑麦草栽培在提高土壤水分含量方面表现最好。     

烟草凋萎叶早期腐解液对莴苣的化感作用

为了研究烟草凋萎叶早期腐解液及其不同组分的化感作用,以对化感物质具有高敏感性的莴苣(Lactuca sativa)为指示材料,对烟草品种K326凋萎叶早期腐解液及其分离后的各组分分别进行了化感潜力的生物测定.结果表明:1)早期腐解液及其组分随处理浓度的增大对莴苣种子萌发的抑制效应逐渐增强,且显著降低了种子萌发速率,并延...     

Synthesis of mesoporous Cu/Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide and its adsorption performance for arsenate in aqueous solutions

The mesoporous Cu/Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide(Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH) with carbonate intercalation was synthesized and used for the removal of arsenate from aqueous solutions.The Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,X-ray diffraction crystallography,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller.Effects of various physico-chemical parameters such as pH,adsorbent dosage,contact time and initial arsenate concentration on the adsorption of arsenate onto Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH were investigated.Results showed that it was efficient for the removal of arsenate,and the removal efficiency of arsenate increased with the increment of the adsorbent dosage,while the arsenate adsorption capacity decreased with increase of initial pH from 3 to 11.The adsorption isotherms can be well described by the Langmuir model with R 2 > 0.99.Its adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model.Coexisting ions such as HPO42-,CO32-,SO42and NO3could compete with arsenate for adsorption sites on the Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH.The adsorption of arsenate on the adsorbent can be mainly attributed to the ion exchange process.It was found that the synthesized Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH can reduce the arsenate concentration down to a final level of < 10 μg/L under the experimental conditions,and makes it a potential material for the decontamination of arsenate polluted water.     

Effect of Fe–Mn–La-modified biochar composites on arsenic volatilization in flooded paddy soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As can be volatilized naturally; however, this has adverse environmental effects. In this study, we investigated As volatilization in flooded paddy...     

Concentration-dependent enantioselective accumulation of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls in Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. root from contaminative sediment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (lotus) roots were collected from contaminated sediments which were artificially adding different concentrations of chiral...     

长江水系四大家鱼种质资源的保护和合理利用

四大家鱼是我国淡水养殖和捕捞的主要对象，本文从影响长江水第四大家鱼种质资源的主要因素出发，对目前鱼类养殖场普遍存在的四大家鱼种质退化的原因进行了分析，提出了保护长江水系四大家鱼天然产卵场，利用长江故道保护和合理利用长江四大家鱼种质资源，保护四大家鱼人工养殖群体的遗传性能，建立长江水系四大家鱼种质资源监测体系等对策。