氢氧化钠-钢渣双碱法烧结烟气脱硫工艺

在鼓泡反应器中考察了氢氧化钠-钢渣双碱法烧结烟气脱硫的主要影响因素。结果表明,在温度为常温,钢渣反应时间为2 h,钢渣加入量为40 g,SO2进口浓度为2 400 mg/m3,钢渣粒径为200目以上,烟气流量为0.05 m3/h,循环液pH保持在7～8,Na+浓度为0.5 mol/L,循环液为500 mL的条件下,脱硫率可长时间保持在80%以上。同时,对钢渣-氢氧化钠双碱法烧结烟气脱硫机理进行了探讨。     

001×14.5离子交换树脂对镍(Ⅱ)的吸附

实验采用离子交换树脂法吸附镍(Ⅱ),树脂选型确定了强酸性阳离子交换树脂001×14.5对镍(Ⅱ)吸附容量最大.用所选的001×14.5树脂吸附镍(Ⅱ)的过程,静态吸附实验表明,转速大于100 r/min时,对树脂吸附的影响可忽略,即基本消除外扩散,pH =7.0时吸附最佳,镍(Ⅱ)吸附率随树脂用量的增加而增大;001×14.5树脂吸附镍(Ⅱ)过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,且为优惠吸附;吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附过程活化能为E=30.9 kJ/mol,由颗粒内扩散控制;用1 mol/L的硫酸对吸附饱和树脂进行脱附再生,脱附率可达98％以上.     

改性魔芋废弃物对废水中的油脂和Cr(VI)的去除

采用醚化、磷酸酯化和接枝共聚等3种方法改性魔芋下脚料中提取的絮凝活性物,用以去除废水中油脂和Cr(Ⅵ)。反应时间、用量和pH等3因子正交实验表明,经醚化改性与磷酸酯化改性后的絮凝剂分别对油脂和Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果较好。聚合氯化铝(PAC)用量、ZnSO4用量、pH和微波照射时间等4因子正交实验表明,PAC和ZnSO4可以强化改性絮凝剂效果,对2种污染物的吸附去除效果分别用双常数方程和Elovich方程能够较好地拟合。     

运用MODIS数据反演洪湖叶绿素a含量业务可行性分析

洪湖是湖北省最大的湖泊,具有调蓄、灌溉、供水、渔业、物种保护、航运、旅游等多种功能,是长江中下游典型的大型浅水型湖泊。传统的设点监测费力、费时,随着遥感技术和手段的进步,遥感反演洪湖叶绿素a浓度成为技术上可能。利用2005年至2010年6年监测数据与同期MODIS数据进行统计分析,研究业务上进行洪湖叶绿素a含量反演的可能性,结果表明：当叶绿素a含量比较高时,它成为影响湖中NDVI指数的主要因素,当浓度较低时,它与NDVI指数相关性差,表明它不是主要要素;通过分析不同时段两者统计关系结果为：12～2月因藻类浓度比较小,叶绿素a浓度低,加上其它要素干扰湖中NDVI指数,监测数据与同期MODIS数据中NDVI指数相关性比较低（也是极显著相关）,其它时间都有较好的相关性（相关系数都高于085）,研究表明：运用MODIS数据中的NDVI指数能准确监测洪湖叶绿素a含量。并提出相应的业务处理流程与方法     

纳滤处理炼化污水反渗透浓水

分别采用4种纳滤膜处理某炼化公司的反渗透浓水。在初始COD为57.8 mg/L、TOC为23.94 mg/L、ρ(Ca2+)为289.0 mg/L、ρ(Mg2+)为54.6 mg/L、ρ(SO42-)为327.7 mg/L、ρ(Cl-)为1 106.8 mg/L的条件下,经纳滤处理后COD去除率达60%以上,污水COD降至30 mg/L以下,TOC去除率为31.9%~85.5%,阳离子的去除率为33.9%~97.0%,SO42-的去除率为63.3%~97.6%,Cl-的去除率较低。膜A的膜孔分布密集,具有很高的通量,对有机物和无机盐的截留效果较差;膜B和膜C对有机物和二价离子的截留效果较好;膜D的膜孔分布稀松,膜通量最低,对有机物和无机盐的截留能力均较强,但随出水体积的增加,对无机盐的截留能力下降较为明显。4种纳滤膜的性能各异,可满足不同企业的需求,具有良好的应用前景。     

催化湿式过氧化法处理蒽醌-2-磺酸钠废水

以过渡金属Cu为主活性组分,通过加入第2活性组分Mn和稀土元素Ce,研制出适用于催化湿式过氧化法(CWPO)处理含高浓度蒽醌-2-磺酸钠有机废水的复合催化剂。考察了活性组分配比对催化剂的催化活性和稳定性的影响,并利用SEM和XRD表征手段,研究了掺杂Ce对催化剂表面微观结构的影响。结果表明,当Cu、Mn和Ce的质量比为-时,催化剂的催化性能最佳,在100 min内,废水COD的去除率能达到95.3%;掺杂Ce能有效提高活性组分在催化剂表面的分散程度从而改善催化剂的催化活性,并能有效抑制Cu的溶出。通过LC-MS分析该催化剂催化氧化蒽醌-2-磺酸钠降解过程中的代谢产物,推断出了催化氧化降解蒽醌-2-磺酸钠的途径。     

微波-Fenton法处理EDTA-Cu-Ni废水的工况与效能

为了探索微波-Fenton反应体系中的反应机理,进行了正交实验、单因素影响实验和微波-Fenton与水热-Fenton的对比实验。通过正交实验,确定了微波-Fenton法处理络合态重金属废水的主要影响因子为Fe2+投加量、初始pH、H2O2投加量及反应温度,COD与Ni去除效率的影响因子的权重次序一致,而Cu去除的权重次序则与前两者不同;单因素优化实验结果表明,微波-Fenton法处理EDTA-Cu-Ni废水在反应时间为9 min时的最优条件为:Fe2+投加量为0.5 mmol/L,H2O2投加量为185 mmol/L,初始pH为2.5,反应温度为80℃;此时COD∶Fe2+∶H2O2为1∶0.06∶15(mg/L),各影响因子对有机物与金属离子的去除影响效应不同;微波水浴对比实验结果表明,在微波-Fenton体系中,微波主要起加热和提高反应速率的作用。     

聚乙烯吡啶树脂对间苯三酚的吸附性能

通过悬浮聚合的方法,合成了一种聚乙烯吡啶树脂(WH-06)。以大孔弱碱树脂D301和超高交联树脂NDA150作为参照,研究了WH-06树脂对间苯三酚的吸附性能,探讨了溶液的p H及无机盐对树脂吸附间苯三酚的影响。结果表明,WH-06树脂对间苯三酚的吸附等温线都同时满足Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程,且间苯三酚在WH-06树脂上的吸附是一放热过程,能够自发进行,无机盐对WH-06吸附间苯三酚几乎无影响。     

Solid phase extraction with silicon dioxide microsphere adsorbents in combination with gas chromatography-electron capture detection for the determination of DDT and its metabolites in water samples

The goal of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) microspheres without special modification to enrich dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its main metabolites, p,p′-dichlorodiphenyl-2,2-dichloroethylene (p,p′-DDD) and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in combination with gas chromatography-electron-capture detection. The experimental results indicated that an excellent linear relationship between the recoveries and the concentrations of DDT and its main metabolites was obtained in the range of 0.2–30 ng mL^?1 and the correlation coefficients were in the range of 99.96–99.99%. The detection limits based on the ratio of signal to the baseline noise (S/N = 3) were 2.2, 2.9, 3.8 and 4.1 ng L^?1 for p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, and p,p′-DDE, respectively. The precisions of the proposed method were all below 10% (n = 6). Four real water samples were utilized for validation of the proposed method, and satisfactory spiked recoveries in the range of 72.4–112.9% were achieved. These results demonstrated that the developed method was a simple, sensitive, and robust analytical method for the monitoring of pollutants in the environment.     

Simultaneous removal of nitrate and pentachlorophenol from simulated groundwater using a biodenitrification reactor packed with corncob

Both nitrate and pentachlorophenol (PCP) are familiar pollutants in aqueous environment. This research is focused on the simultaneous removal of nitrate and PCP from simulated contaminated groundwater using a laboratory-scale denitrification reactor packed with corncob as both carbon source and biofilm support. The reactor could be started up readily, and the removal efficiencies of nitrate and PCP reached up to approximately 98 % and 40–45 % when their initial concentrations were 50 mg N/L and 5 mg/L, respectively, after 15-day continuous operation at 10 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and 25 °C. Approximately 91 % of PCP removal efficiency was achieved, with 2.47 mg/L of chloride ion release at 24 h of HRT. Eighty-two percent of chlorine in PCP removed was ionized. The productions of 3-chlorophenol and phenol and chloride ion release indicate that the reductive dechlorination reaction is a major degradation pathway of PCP under the experimental conditions.