The influence of information communication technology on farmers’ sales channels in environmentally affected areas of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The rapid development of information communication technology (ICT), represented by mobile phones and the Internet, allows capitalizing to a greater...     

二次旋流强化型气旋浮技术的分离特性

现有气旋浮装置在运行过程中普遍存在旋流强度衰减程度过大等问题,限制了其分离性能的提升,基于此,分析了二次旋流强化作用对气旋浮罐内旋流强度和分离性能的影响特性;借助CFD数值模拟方法和响应曲面法等手段对基于二次旋流强化气旋浮罐主要结构的参数进行了优化,对比分析了常规气旋浮罐和二次旋流强化气旋浮罐的内部流场和油水分离特性。结果表明,采用二次旋流强化结构可以有效提高旋流强度,加速"油滴-微气泡黏附体"向旋流中心汇聚,优化后的气旋浮罐油水分离效率提高至94.5%,较常规单级气旋浮罐提高了10%;二次旋流强化结构是提升气旋浮分离过程中旋流强度和提高气旋浮装置分离性能的有效途径。以上结果可进一步推动气旋浮装置性能的优化和结构创新,可丰富完善该技术设计的理论体系。     

"哨兵-3"卫星OLCI影像MPH算法反演太湖叶绿素a及藻草区分的研究

利用"哨兵-3"卫星OLCI影像数据,基于其619,665,681,709,753和885 nm中心波长对应的6个波段构建的最大特征峰高度(MPH)算法,采用SNAP 7. 0遥感专业软件,计算了典型日期太湖MPH算法得到的叶绿素a浓度、浮藻区、藻水混悬区、水草区的分布。结果表明:(1) MPH算法能够精确地识别太湖水草和蓝藻;(2) MPH算法能够提取稠密铺集水表层的"浮藻区",并区分出藻密度较小、水华现象轻微～轻度、蓝藻主要浸没在水面以下的"藻水混悬区"。与MODIS、VIIRS等常用的蓝藻水华遥感传感器相比,OLCI展现了更出色、更精细化的水生态遥感监测能力,可提高蓝藻水华预警预报水平。     

烟气急冷塔塔内脱硫脱氯过程的数值模拟

以FLUENT为计算工具,通过数值模拟的方法,研究了烟气急冷塔内的浆滴干燥、脱硫脱氯过程。塔内烟气流场分布的数值模拟以标准k-ε方程为基础,石灰浆滴的运动轨迹跟踪采用拉格朗日离散相模型。建立烟气冷却净化模型研究塔内气液两相之间的相间作用,通过模拟,最终得到急冷塔流场、温度场以及相关组分场的分布情况。模拟结果表明,计算得到的脱酸效率与实际情况吻合。该模型可以为急冷塔的设计和运行提供参考。     

Validity of police-reported alcohol involvement in fatal motor carrier crashes in the United States between 1982 and 2005

Objective

To examine the validity of police-reported alcohol data for drivers involved in fatal motor carrier crashes.

Material and Methods

We determined the availability of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and police-reported alcohol data on 157,702 drivers involved in fatal motor carrier crashes between 1982 - 2005 using Fatality Analysis and Reporting System (FARS) data. Drivers were categorized as motor carrier drivers if they operated a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of greater than 26,000 pounds. Otherwise, they were classified as non motor carrier drivers. The sensitivity and specificity of police-reported alcohol involvement were estimated for both driver types.

Results

Of the 157,702 drivers, 18% had no alcohol information, 15% had BAC results, 42% had police-reported alcohol data, and 25% had both. Alcohol information varied significantly by driver, crash, and vehicle characteristics. For example, motor carrier drivers were significantly more likely (51%) to have BAC testing results compared to non motor carrier drivers (31%) (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of police-reported alcohol involvement for a BAC level ≥ 0.08 was 83% (95% CI 79%, 86%) for motor carrier drivers and 90% (95% CI 89%, 90%) for non motor carrier drivers. The specificity rates were 96% (95% CI 95%, 96%) and 91% (95% CI 90%, 91%), respectively.

Conclusions

The sensitivity and specificity of police-reported alcohol involvement are reasonably high for drivers involved in fatal motor carrier crashes. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which the accuracy of police-reported alcohol involvement may be overestimated because of verification bias.

Impact on the Industry

Based on the results of this study, the federal government should continue to work with states to strengthen their strategies to increase chemical testing of all drivers involved in fatal crashes.     

我国垃圾焚烧发电CDM项目开发难点与实践分析

基于我国目前垃圾焚烧发电CDM项目的开发现状,从不同的角度比较和分析了该类项目的特点,总结了其项目公示阶段出现的问题并对方法学修正内容进行了说明。同时,以实际项目为例,着重探讨了额外性论证中的投资比较分析、普及性分析等难点问题,最终得出结论并提出建议。     

废印制线路板真空热解产物分析

在自行设计的间歇式固定床真空热解装置中热解废印制线路板(PCB),对热解产物进行了分析.在热解温度为550 ℃、热解压力为20 kPa、恒温时间为60 min的条件下,得到的热解产物质量分数为:热解渣70%;热解油3%～4%;不可冷凝热解气26%～27%.经气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,热解油经常压蒸馏后得到的低沸点液态油中含有29种化合物,主要有苯酚、对异丙基酚、3-乙基酚、4-甲酚及2-溴苯酚,还含有少量含溴化合物和含氯化合物.热解油经简单的蒸馏就可达到回收酚类化合物的目的.热解渣经风选可实现铜与黏附有碳黑的玻璃纤维的分离,其中铜质量分数约30%,黏附有碳黑的玻璃纤维质量分数约70%.     

关于HS矿井阻燃抑爆系统在我国煤矿应用的探讨

矿井瓦斯爆炸是煤矿井下一种极其严重的灾害,我国在防止瓦斯爆炸事故范围扩大的措施中,多采用巷道安装隔爆岩粉棚或隔爆水棚等被动隔爆措施,而HS矿井阻燃抑爆系统是一种主动抑爆防火系统.通过介绍HS矿井阻燃抑爆系统的原理、结构及特点,分析实例矿井中采掘工作面可能出现瓦斯爆炸的地点,根据爆炸地点确定HS矿井阻燃抑爆系统的井下安装位置,得出我国煤矿推广使用HS矿井阻燃抑爆系统后的优点.     

华北某油田石油降解菌的筛选及降解特性

以石油为唯一碳源,从华北某油田污染土壤中筛选出石油降解菌12株。其中5株菌有较强降解能力,分别编号为z-3、z-6、z-7、z-8和z-b,在30℃,160 r/min摇床培养10 d后,菌株对石油降解率分别为63.8%、34.2%、44.8%、50.5%和42.3%。通过生理生化和分子生物学鉴定,确定这5株菌分别属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、假黄单胞菌属(Pseudoxanthomonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)。通过对这5株菌生物量、脱氢酶及邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶活性的监测,发现生物量及酶活性与石油降解能力具有直接关系。最后,对5株菌的生长条件进行优化,其中z-3、z-6、z-7和z-b菌株对石油降解率较优化前提高10%左右。     

金属铁铝对混凝强化初沉污泥中温厌氧消化的影响

选取FeCl3和AlCl2·6H2O作为混凝剂对城市污水进行一级强化混凝处理,降低二级生物处理的进水负荷,减少污水生物处理系统的能量消耗。主要研究混凝过程投加的金属盐对一级强化混凝产生的初沉污泥中温厌氧消化的影响。和剩余污泥相比,初沉污泥更适合厌氧消化处理,污泥降解性能和产气性能更高。当采用城市污水一级强化混凝处理时,污泥中的金属和金属盐水解引起的pH降低,使混凝强化初沉污泥的厌氧消化受到一定抑制。随着污泥中铝含量的降低和铁含量的增加,厌氧消化的COD降解率和挥发性固体（Vs）降解率逐渐升高,生物气产量逐渐增大,产气速率加快。当混凝强化初沉污泥只含有铁时（铁含量为10．16mg／L）,混凝强化初沉污泥厌氧消化效果最好,产气稳定,而且产气速率高,生物气产量为237mL,生物气甲烷含量为55．5％,降解单位Vs产气量为0．80L／g,均高于其他含铝的混凝强化初沉污泥。污泥中的铁对初沉污泥厌氧消化的抑制作用远远小于铝的作用,说明铁盐适合用于城市污水的一级强化混凝处理。