Effect of relative humidity and the presence of aerosol particles on the α-pinene ozonolysis

The α-pinene ozonolysis under the different environmental conditions were observed in a smog chamber. The second-order rate constant(k) was determined to be(7.25 ± 0.06) ×10~(–17)cm~3/(molecule·sec) under 20% of relative humidity(RH) and room temperature. RH showed a marked influence on the α-pinene ozonolysis. The value of k increased with RH increase, which was 1.6 times faster at RH = 80% than that at RH = 20%. Additionally, the value of k apparently changed in the presence of the aerosol particles. The diesel soot increased the k value. The fly ash prohibited the reaction, however, H_2SO_4-treated fly ash promoted the reaction. The information of products gained using FT-IR and SPAMS showed that pinonic acid, 10-hydroxy-pinonic acid and pinic acid could be generated during the α-pinene ozonolysis. Water molecules could take part in the formation of the products, and play a vital role in the degradation of α-pinene. The atmospheric residence time calculation showed that the ozonolysis in the atmosphere is an important way of the α-pinene consumption as compared to that reacted with OH during daytime. The results suggested that the degradation of α-pinene via the ozonization in the atmosphere may be affected greatly by RH, as well as the presence of aerosol particles. The ozonolysis reaction may be an important way of the α-pinene consumption during daytime.     

JSP技术及其在安全管理信息系统中的应用

基于B/S模式并结合JSP(JavaServerPagesTM)技术 ,实现省、市职能部门对企业安全生产监督管理及安全信息共享平台。政府职能部门能够及时监管各地安全动态、发布公告和指令、校验特种作业人员和注册安全主任资格等 ;用户能进行事故隐患和执法监督行为投诉、事故快报、安全技术咨询、地方或行业法规标准查询等活动。从而 ,达到构建安全管理、安全技术服务、安全信息发布、事故预防集成系统的目的。     

我国聚合物驱采出水处理方法研究进展

聚合物驱采油技术为我国东部各油田的原油稳产奠定了坚实的基础,但因对聚合物驱油采出水的处理难度大而制约了油田的发展。对油田含聚污水的处理工艺、回注可行性以及HPAM降解方法进行了分析,综合论述了含聚污水处理的研究现状。     

我国热带季风区的“林-胶-茶生态模式”

本文是南海农场建设林胶茶模式16年总结。本场位于海南岛东北部重风害的草原台地。1958年建场,原以油棕为主,1975年改变方针,建林胶茶模式。经16年实践,显示出其优势和效益。比胶茶纯作提高经济效益40—200％和土地利用率50％以上,解决了劳动就业问题,改善了环境。其模式是我国热带地区减灾稳产,合理利用自然资源的一种有效模式。     

浅谈突发性环境污染事故的应急监测预案

日本福岛核电厂由于地震引起的海啸发生放射性物质外泄事故,从而引发对于突发性环境污染事故的处理处置的关注,以突发性环境污染事故救援工作和应急处理处置的关键——应急监测入手,阐述了应急监测的基本、特殊要求和任务,具体说明了制定应急监测预案及预案的基本步骤和相关组织机构的职责,进一步明确了突发性环境污染事故应急监测预案在应急监测中的重要性,拟为突发性环境污染事故应急监测工作及应急监测预案的编制今后的理论与应用研究提供参考。     

Nitrifying population dynamics in a redox stratified membrane biofilm reactor (RSMBR) for treating ammonium-rich wastewater

Nitrogen removal performance and nitrifying population dynamics were investigated in a redox stratified membrane biofilm reactor (RSMBR) under oxygen limited condition to treat ammonium-rich wastewater. When the NHt₄⁺-N loading rate increased from 11.1±1.0 to 37:2 ± 3:2 gNHt₄⁺-N·m⁻²·d⁻¹, the nitrogen removal in the RSMBR system increased from 18.0±9.6 mgN·d⁻¹ to 128.9±61.7 mgN·d⁻¹. Shortcut nitrogen removal was achieved with nitrite accumulation of about 22:3 ± 5:3 mgNO₂⁻-N·L⁻¹. Confocal micrographs showed the stratified distributions of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the membrane aerated biofilms (MABs) at day 120, i.e., ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (AOB and NOB) were dominant in the region adjacent to the membrane, while heterotrophic bacteria propagated at the top of the biofilm. Real-time qPCR results showed that the abundance of amoA gene was two orders of magnitude higher than the abundance of nxrA gene in the MABs. However, the nxrA gene was always detected during the operation time, which indicates the difficulty of complete washout of NOB in MABs. The growth of heterotrophic bacteria compromised the dominance of nitrifiers in biofilm communities, but it enhanced the denitrification performance of the RSMBR system. Applying a high ammonia loading together with oxygen limitation was found to be an effective way to start nitrite accumulation in MABs, but other approaches were needed to sustain or improve the extent of nitritation in nitrogen conversion in MABs.     

Effects of Zn-In-Sn elements on the electric properties of magnesium alloy anode materials

A new magnesium alloy anode is based on an environmentally friendly electrode that contains none of mercury, lead and chromate, but it can enhance the electric properties of alloy significantly. Magnesium alloy adding eco-friendly elements Zn-In-Sn which was developed by orthogonal design were obtained by two casting methods. The effect of additive elements on performance of electrode material was studied. The effects of elements addition and casting method on electric properties and corrosive properties of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloys were investigated by using electrochemical measurements, corrosive tests and observation of surface structure. The results show that Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy anode has higher electromotive force and more stable work potential than that commercial magnesium alloy AZ91. It is suitable for anode material of magnesium battery for its small hydrogen evolution, less self-corrosion rate and easy to shed corrosive offspring off.     

实验室含铅、镉废水的处理方法探究

文章报道了利用一种新型的环境矿物材料一羟基磷灰石处理实验室高浓度铅、镉污水的方法,该方法与《环境水质监测质量保证手册》中的消石灰处理法相比具有去除速度快、经济有效、无二次污染、安全环保等显著优点。本文还采用消石灰处理法对一次处理后的废水的上清液进行二次处理,这样能使实验室含高浓度的铅、镉废水,在处理后达到地表水三级质量标准。     

城市污泥中酚的测量不确定度及其符合性评定

为了给出日常检验接近符合限之测量结果的符合性结论,依据日常检测记录评估了4-氨基安替比林直接光度法测定城市污泥中挥发酚的测量不确定度。结果显示:曲线拟合、校准溶液配制、测量重复性和回收率不确定度为主要分量,体积与质量分量均可忽略;提高日常检验符合性评定能力水平的途径是努力提高校准曲线线性程度、尽量选用低浓度、低不确定度的标准储备液、对测量结果进行回收率校正。     

排水管道噪声简易评价方法设计的研究

建筑排水管道产生的噪声是家庭噪声的主要来源之一,而目前的测定方法系统较复杂、测试时间又长,本文根据管道声学测量理论对排水管道噪声测定方法进行设计,旨在探寻一种排水管道噪声简易的评测方法,以提高实验测试效率,同时又可为排水管材降噪性能研究提供一种简便方法。