混凝处理工艺对再生水水质生物稳定性的影响

再生水在储存、输配过程中微生物的再生长现象给再生水的利用造成不利影响,因此,研究再生水的生物稳定性十分必要.本研究以可同化有机碳(AOC)表征再生水生物稳定性,考察了混凝处理对北京市再生水厂二级出水生物稳定性的影响.研究发现,二级出水中投加聚合氯化铝(PACl)剂量为20~120 mg·L~(-1)混凝处理后,水中溶解性有机碳(DOC)和不饱和有机物、含氮有机物(用UV254表征)的去除率分别为3%~30%和10%~36%,水样中荧光物质的去除效果不明显.分子量为3000~20000 Da的有机物容易被混凝过程去除,但分子量小于3000 Da的有机物在混凝过程中几乎不能被去除.二级出水经混凝处理后,AOC水平有升高的趋势.在PACl投加量为60 mg·L~(-1)时,混凝前后二级出水的AOC水平分别为48~485μg·L~(-1)和121~910μg·L~(-1),变化率为-4%~124%,说明混凝处理导致了水样水质生物稳定性降低.     

武汉市“菜篮子”种植基地生态环境质量调查监测分析

城市"菜篮子"基地环境质量直接关系到食品安全。文章依据国家环境总站要求对本市"菜篮子"无公害蔬菜基地进行了综合环境质量调查监测,结合武汉市蔬莱生产基地生产环境创建过程中积累经验和存在的问题,通过调查分析,重点探讨了"菜篮子"基地环境受到污染的现象和主要途径,并提出了切实可行的改进措施。     

真空可再生固定化活性氧化镧除磷技术研究

介绍了一般污水除磷方法的局限性,提出并研究了一种新的化学除磷技术--真空可再生固定化活性氧化镧除磷技术,分析了该技术的优点及技术可行性.     

碳氢化合物对大气环境的影响及控制研究

随着城市经济的高速发展,城市机动车化程度越来越高,尾气的排放对大气环境的影响也越来越严重.城市交通与环境的协调发展成为亟待研究的课题.由于碳氢化合物是汽车尾气中的主要有害成分之一,又占上海中心城区碳氢化合物总负荷的93%,为此,文章对碳氢化合物与大气环境要素的关系进行了研究,并将碳氢化合物的排放看成汽车使用者出行时强加给大气环境的外部成本,结果表明,这种方案可有效控制路段或区域的污染排放问题.     

复合乳化剂对乳化炸药热安全性影响研究

为了探究复合乳化剂对乳化炸药热分解特性的影响,使用C80微量热仪通过MC法研究了乳化剂A(SP80)和乳化剂B(T152)作为单一乳化剂和复合乳化剂(加入比例为1:1、1:2、2:1)制备的乳化炸药。以升温速率为0.5K/min时的C80热流速曲线为基础来求解5种炸药热分解反应的表观活化能(Ea)、指前因子(lnA)等热安全参数。结果表明,使用复合乳化剂制备的乳化炸药稳定性均高于使用单一乳化剂的乳化炸药。采用复合乳化剂可导致乳化剂分子间排斥作用降低,使分子排列更紧密,增加了界面膜的致密性。当加入的乳化剂比例为m(SP80):m(T152)=1:2时,由于两种乳化剂相互作用形成致密的复合界面膜,其稳定性最高。     

Noise Impact and Improvement on Indoors Acoustic Comfort for the Building Adjacent to Heavy Traffic Road

A good acoustic environment is absolutely essential to maintaining a high level satisfaction and moral health among residents. Noise and other boresome sounds come from both in- door and outdoor sources. For the residential buildings adjacent to heavy traffic roads, outdoors traffic noise is the main source that affects indoor acoustic quality and health. Ventilation and outdoor noise prevention become a pair of contradictions for the residents in China nowadays for those buildings adjacent to heavy traffic roads. It is investigated that traffic noise emission is mainly con- stituted by the motors of trucks, buses and motorcycles as well as brake. In this paper, two methods of traffic noise reduction on the indoor sound environment and comfort are carried out to study and compare the residential buildings adjacent to heavy traffic roadway in a city. One is to install noise barriers on the two sides of the roadway, which consist of sound-proof glass and plas- tic materials. The effect of sound-insulation of this method is heavily dependent on the relative distance between the noise bar- rier and indoors. A reduction of sound with an average pressure level of 2–15dB is achieved on the places behind and under the noise barrier. However, for the equivalent of noise barrier height, the noise reduction effect is little. As for the places of higher than the noise barrier, the traffic noise will be even strengthened by 3–7dB. Noise increment can be seen at the points of distance farther than 15m and height more than noise barrier; the noise reduction effect is not satisfactory or even worsened. In addition, not every location is appropriate to install the noise barrier along the heavy traffic roads. The other method of noise reduction for the buildings adjacent to heavy traffic is to install the airproof and soundproof windows, which is the conversion from natural venti- lation to mechanical ventilation. A reduction of sound with an average pressure level of 5dB to 17dB can be achieved compared with common glass windows, if adopting sound proof glass win- dows. These two methods are helpful to isolate high frequency noise but not for low frequency noise. For those frequency noises, installing thick and cotton curtain and porous carpet can only decrease 2.4–4.5dB, which hardly contributes to indoor sound comfort, so further study is demanded to cut down traffic noise, especially to cut down the low frequency noise.     

冲击荷载下层状饱和无粘性土动孔压发展模式研究∗

为揭示饱和无黏性土层在冲击荷载作用下动孔压发展模式及其受土层条件的影响,基于自主研制的冲击荷载加载台装置,开展了不同土层条件层状饱和土冲击试验,对动孔压发展特征及土体沉降等进行了分析。结果表明：冲击荷载作用下,无粘性饱和土体动孔压发展呈明显两阶段,即瞬态响应和稳态响应阶段,其中稳态响应阶段动孔压发展又经历缓慢下降及快速下降两过程。单层土情形下,饱和砂土在冲击荷载后动孔压发生骤增,随着粒径的增大,动孔压峰值越大,但其消散用时则随粒径的增大而减小;双层土情形下,动孔压稳态响应阶段因上下土层渗透系数变化,在其下层土动孔压下降过程产生明显变化;当含有相对弱透水夹层时,受弱透水层影响,各测点动孔压下降段几乎在同一时刻均出现明显转折平台,使其下降的速率明显变小,且该现象弱透水层以上土体较其下部土体更为显著;含夹层时,试验过程出现明显非均匀分布的“水膜”,最大厚度可达2 cm 左右。同时,每次冲击荷载下均伴随明显的土体沉降,随着冲击次数增加,土层沉降变化量逐渐减小。     

Green energy mismatch,industrial intelligence and economics growth: theory and empirical evidence from China

Environment, Development and Sustainability - With the continuous uptick in world energy consumption, green energy plays an increasingly significant role in alleviating energy depletion and...     

Effects of autoclaved aerated concrete powder admixture on compaction and shear strength characteristics of wet filter cakes

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Autoclaved aerated concrete powder (AACP) is a kind of solid waste, which is characterized by strong water absorption ability and low compressive...     

Self-catalytic pyrolysis thermodynamics of waste printed circuit boards with co-existing metals

● The co-existing metals in WPCBs has positive catalytic influence in pyrolysis. ● Cu, Fe, Ni can promote reaction progress and reduce the apparent activation energy. ● Ni play better role in promoting WPCB pyrolysis reaction. Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are generated increasingly recent years with the rapid replacement of electric and electronic products. Pyrolysis is considered to be a potential environmentally-friendly technology for recovering organic and metal resources from WPCBs. Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic analysis of WPCBs were carried out in this study. It showed that the co-existing metals (Cu, Fe, Ni) in WPCBs have positive self-catalytic influence during the pyrolysis process. To illustrate their catalytic effects, the apparent activation energy was calculated by differential model. Contributions of different reactions during catalytic pyrolysis process was studied and the mechanism function was obtained by Šesták-Berggren model. The results showed that Cu, Fe, Ni can promote the reaction progress and reduce the apparent activation energy. Among the three metals, Ni plays better catalytic role than Cu, then Fe. This work provides theoretical base for understanding the three metals’ catalytic influence during the pyrolysis of non-metal powders in WPCBs.