两种假单孢菌中二氯酚降解酶活性及其定域研究

对两种有降解二氯酚能力的假单孢菌Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．ＤＣＰ－１和Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．ＤＣＰ－２中二氯酚降解酶活性及定域进行了测定，结果表明该酶的活力与菌种、培养等因素有关，与诱导物的关系不显；酶主要定域在膜周及膜内；酶的活力在两种菌中的水平相当；酶的比活力在ＤＣＰ－１的膜周处表现出相当高的水平。     

间苯二酚的微生物降解研究

从土壤中筛选的一株降解活性较高的细菌Ｔ１，当以间苯二酚为唯一碳源时，降解率可达９８％，研究表明，菌体接种量的大小对间苯二酚降解速度有一定的影响；降解酶为胞内酶，经鉴定，Ｔ１菌为黄单胞菌，其某些特性与已知菌种有差异，需进一步研究。     

高等水生植物对藻类生长的克制效应

本文综述了高等水生植物对藻类生长的克制效应的机理研究概况，及国内外最新的抑藻物质提取、分离、鉴定方法，并对其在水体畜养养化治理方面的应用前景作了进一步概述。     

氯代芳香化合物的微生物降解研究

生物技术对消除有毒化学品已显示出广阔的应用前景，深入研究有毒化学品微生物降解的生物化学和遗传学，可按照预期目的构建具有更大降解能力的遗传工程菌株，以促使污染物的无害化资源化。本文对纯菌株降解氯代芳香化合物的降解途径、降解性质粒和遗传工程菌株的构建等诸方面进行了综述。     

石油污染土壤生物通风修复及其强化技术

处理石油污染土壤的诸多方法中 ,生物通风法是一种很有效的治理方法。本文通过对生物通风法的技术、经济分析 ,得出该方法的可行性。另外 ,还介绍了生物通风的强化技术。     

A comparative evaluation of accelerated solvent extraction and Polytron extraction for quantification of lipids and extractable organochlorine in fish

Optimal conditions for extraction methods using an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) and a Polytron homogenizer were established for quantification of (crude) lipids and extractable organochlorine (EOCl) in fish. The two methods, an ASE consecutive extraction at 55 and 100 degrees C for ground, freeze-dried filets, and a Polytron extraction at room temperature with four repetitions for ground, wet filets and with two repetitions for wet fish livers were evaluated in terms of reproducibility and comparability. With respect to lipid measurement, the two methods have comparable reproducibility and the experimental errors are relatively small compared to natural variations of fish to fish within a sampling site. For EOCl measurement, the relative standard deviation tends to increase with decreasing levels of EOCl in specimens. An important factor for the relative standard deviation of measurements of analytes present at trace levels in fish matrices is sampling error in taking aliquots. Statistical analysis using a paired comparison design showed that measurement values (crude lipids or EOCl) obtained from these two extraction methods are, in general, not equivalent. There is a good correlation between the two methods for lipid measurement; whereas for EOCl measurements, high degrees of correlation exist within the exposed fish group, but not in the reference group.     

颗粒物吸附乐果的动力学特征

研究了乐果在颗粒物表面上吸附的动力学特征,观察了颗粒物的性质对吸附行为的影响.结果表明,乐果在3种颗粒物上的吸附过程均符合一级动力学规律,其相关系数在0.986 2～0.990 5,达到极显著水平.颗粒物的性质与吸附量相关分析发现,不同颗粒物对乐果的吸附程度是由颗粒物的有机质、粘粒、阳离子交换容量(CEC)和pH等理化特征综合作用的结果.pH对吸附行为影响的实验结果指出,随着体系的pH逐渐增大,颗粒物对乐果的吸附能力增强.     

The influence of fresh weight and water temperature on metabolic rates and the energy budget of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus

Meretrix meretrix L. was held in the laboratory under simulated natural conditions to measure specific physiological parameters of its energy budget. O₂ consumption rate, NH₃ excretion rate (NR), ingestion rate, faeces excretion rate and scope for growth (SFG) were negatively related in an exponential manner to the fresh weight of the clams at all water temperatures, while almost all metabolic rates of the clams were positively related in an exponential or e-exponential manner with water temperature. However, the co-relationship between metabolic rates and water temperature was not as close as that between metabolic rates and fresh weight of the clam. The combined effect of fresh weight and water temperature was observed on all metabolic rates except for NR and SFG. At all culture temperatures and for all fresh weights of clams used, respiration took the largest percentage of ingested energy (41.5–51.2%), faeces excretion was second (31.0–42.3%), growth third (12.1–15.5%) and urine production last (2.1–5.6%).     

福建农业可持续发展的土地资源与环境分析

从农业用地和非农业用地两方面分析了福建省土地资源与环境的状况与潜力，提出了调整用地结构来促进农业可持续发展的思路。     

焦作市大气污染时空分布特征及来源分析

焦作市是京津冀地区"2+26"通道城市之一.为研究焦作市大气污染特征,于2016年1月-2018年2月使用3个国控站点（马村区生态环境局、焦作市生态环境局和高新区政府）大气环境监测数据,以及2018年1月焦作市边界站PM_2.5及其化学组分（水溶性离子和碳组分）监测数据进行分析.结果显示:焦作市大气污染以PM_2.5污染为主,2017年ρ（NO₂）、ρ（PM_2.5）、ρ（PM₁₀）、ρ（CO）和ρ（SO₂）平均值分别为42.4 μg/m3、79.0 μg/m3、136.5 μg/m3、1.42 mg/m3和38.3 μg/m3,较2016年分别下降了10.5%、10.6%、11.2%、20.7%和37.6%.在时间分布上,大气污染物质量浓度日变化具有明显的季节性特征,春、夏两季ρ（NO₂）日变化较秋、冬两季呈更宽的"U型",ρ（SO₂）峰值出现在12:00左右,推测原因与夜间高架源排放有关;在空间分布上,本地一次污染排放可能主要来自市区工地扬尘、西南地区交通源和东部污染点源.观测期间,ρ（NO₃-）、ρ（NH₄+）和ρ（SO₄2-）较高,平均值分别为39.42、23.66和23.01 μg/m3,分别占水溶性离子质量浓度的41.8%、25.1%和24.4%,占ρ（PM_2.5）的27.4%、16.4%和16.0%.污染天的NOR（氮转化率）（0.35）和SOR（硫转化率）（0.43）明显高于清洁天的NOR（0.25）和SOR（0.18）,表明污染天NO₂和SO₂二次转化程度更高.SOR和NOR随相对湿度的增加而增加,表明相对湿度较高时有利于NO₂和SO₂的二次转化.污染天和清洁天ρ（SOC）（SOC为二次有机碳）估算值分别为19.79和3.51 μg/m3,分别占ρ（OC）的79.4%和54.9%,占ρ（PM_2.5）的9.8%和10.4%,表明焦作市SOC对OC有较大的贡献.PSCF（潜在源贡献因子法）结果表明,本地源是影响焦作市秋、冬两季PM_2.5的主要潜在源,太行山南麓区域输送也对其有一定贡献.研究显示,焦作市大气污染较严重,本地一次排放、二次转化和区域输送是焦作市PM_2.5的主要来源.