Ambient Air Particulates Bound Mercury Hg(p) Study Among Four Crops (Rice,White Cabbage,Arden Lettuce,and Gynura) at a Characteristic Sampling Site

The main purpose of this study was to monitor ambient air particulates and particulate-bound Hg (Hg[p]) compositions in different crops in the coastal zone in the Taichung, Taiwan, area at a sampling site during 2013 October to 2013 December. In addition, a direct mercury analyzer (DMA-80) was used to directly detect the concentration with measured results by the regression equation of Hg in the ambient air. The results indicated that: 1) the mean values of ambient air Hg(p) compositions in rice displayed no significant differences for weeks one, two, and three versus those of the other crops (white cabbage, Arden lettuce, and Gynura procumbens); 2) for white cabbage, the higher the humidity, the lower the average ambient air Hg(p) compositions that were obtained, a phenomenon that was also reflected on the crops of white cabbage and G. procumbens; 3) Arden lettuce displayed no significant differences in the leaf Hg(p) compositions during weeks one, two, and three; however, the stem portions displayed significant differences in Hg(p) compositions during weeks two and three; and 4) the Spearman statistical method showed the mean differences for ambient air Hg(p) at the Long-jing sampling site (coastal regions) with four different crops (rice, white cabbage, Arden lettuce, and Gynura) in central Taiwan. The results further revealed no significant differences in mean values.     

硫酸盐化对TiO2催化剂克劳斯活性的影响

采用硫酸铵浸渍的方法制得了一系列硫酸盐化的催化剂,运用TG、BET比表面测定、XRD、Raman、FTIR和SO2-TPD技术对催化剂进行了表征,并对催化剂进行了克劳斯活性评价。结果表明,硫酸盐化会导致催化剂比表面积和孔体积减小但不会使催化剂形成新的晶型,硫酸盐的形成使TiO2表面碱性变弱,硫酸根在TiO2表面形成的双齿螯合结构会阻碍SO2和H2S与催化剂表面的接触,碱性变弱和双齿螯合结构的形成导致了催化剂克劳斯活性降低,另外,负载的硫酸盐的量越多催化剂的克劳斯活性越低。     

CNTs/TiO2/CS光降解苯的动力学

综合光催化氧化苯的动力学过程、光辐射场模型和质量守恒定律,采用平板型反应器建立了碳纳米管/二氧化钛/壳聚糖（CNTs/TiO2/CS）催化薄膜光催化氧化气相苯的数学模型;该模型考虑了光强、相对湿度、初始浓度与气体流速对气相苯光降解的影响。结果表明,建立的数学模型与实验结果吻合较好。     

羽毛不可溶角蛋白海绵膜对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能

通过冷冻干燥,将还原法产生的凝胶状不可溶蛋白制备成具有致密孔隙的海绵膜,无需预处理和无交联剂,并研究了其对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能。结果表明,在60℃、固液比12．5g／L、初始浓度100mg／L下最大吸附量为148．8mg／g,吸附过程符合Langmuir型和Freundlich型等温吸附模型,为吸热过程,物理吸附和化学吸附均起到重要作用。     

Application of neutral electrolyzed water spray for reducing dust levels in a layer breeding house

Reducing airborne dust is an essential process for improving hen housing environment. Dust reduction effects of neutral electrolyzed water (pH 8.2) spray were investigated in a commercial tunnel-ventilated layer breeding house during production in northern China. A multipoint sampler was used to measure airborne dust concentration to study the dust reduction effects and distribution in the house. Compared with the control treatment (without spray), airborne dust level was reduced 34% in the 3 hr after spraying 216 mL m^?2 neutral electrolyzed water in the breeding house. The dust concentration was significantly higher during the periods of feed distribution (1.13 ± 0.13 mg m^?3) and artificial insemination (0.72 ± 0.13 mg m^?3) compared with after spray (0.47 ± 0.09 mg m^?3) and during lights-off period (0.29 ± 0.08 mg m^?3) in the three consecutive testing days (P < 0.05). The experimental cage area was divided into four zones along the length of the house, with zone 1 nearest to the evaporative cooling pad and zone 4 nearest to the fans. The air temperature, relative humidity, airflow rate, and dust concentration were measured at the sampling points of the four zones in 3 consecutive days and mortality of the birds for the duration of a month were investigated. The results showed that the air temperature, airflow rate, dust concentration, and number of dead birds increase from zone 1 to zone 4 in the tunnel-ventilated layer breeding house.

Implications: It is difficult to effectively reduce hen house airborne dust levels and limited information is available on airborne dust distribution in tunnel-ventilated hen houses. This work investigates (i) the application of neutral electrolyzed water spray for reducing dust in a layer breeding houses; (ii) dust concentration variations in 24-hr house operation; as well as (iii) the effects of location on dust concentrations. It was demonstrated that neutral electrolyzed water spray can be efficiently used for dust reduction in poultry houses. Further, a better understanding of the dust concentration variations in 24-hr house operation and in different spatial zones can contribute to bird housing environment management and poultry house design so as to improve bird health.     

吡啶改性膨润土对直接耐晒翠蓝染料废水脱色性能研究

为了解决日益严重的水污染问题,用吡啶作改性剂,对膨润土进行有机改性,制得一种新型水处理剂,用于直接耐晒翠蓝染料废水的处理。研究了处理废水的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,投土量为10g／L,pH=3．5,搅拌速度为175r／min,搅拌时间25rain,离心时间为2min,吡啶改性土对直接耐晒翠蓝染料废水的脱色率可达80％。改性土对直接耐晒翠蓝的吸附过程可用准二级速率方程较好地描述。     

中国生态环境补偿费的理论与实践

在分析、总结国内外有关环境价值理论研究和生态补偿费征收工作实践经验的基础上,对生态环境补偿机制和生态环境补偿费政策的基本框架进行了较为深入的探讨。结果表明,自然要素所固有的生态环境价值是生态环境补偿的理论依据,征收生态环境补偿费是对环境破坏导致的生态环境价值损失的一种补偿。但是,在我国,生态环境补偿费的征收标准应当建立在我国国情所容许的基础之上,既要为保护和改善生态环境积累一定的的资金,又不能对国民经济发展和人民生活造成大的影响。同时,在资金的征收和管理上,应当与国家现有的生态环境管理体制相适应,与加强生态环境保护的统一监督管理机制有机地结合起来。     

河流水质系统灰色模型的识别、模拟和应用

借助于灰色系统理论的思想和方法可以构造河流水质灰色模型,根据实测水质资料可以识别出河流水质灰色模型中的最优灰参数,在此基础上,可以对河流水质系统进行灰色模拟。灰色模拟考虑了实际河流水质系统中客观存在的不确知因素和偶然因素影响。本文概述了河流水质灰色模型的构造、河流水质灰色模型的研究意义、河流水质灰色模型的灰参数识别、河流水质系统的灰色模拟及其在四川沱江水质系统模拟中的应用。     

Anaerobic degradation of xenobiotic organic contaminants (XOCs): The role of electron flow and potential enhancing strategies

In groundwater, deep soil layer, sediment, the widespread of xenobiotic organic contaminants (XOCs) have been leading to the concern of human health and eco-environment safety, which calls for a better understanding on the fate and remediation of XOCs in anoxic matrices. In the absence of oxygen, bacteria utilize various oxidized substances, e.g. nitrate, sulphate, metallic (hydr)oxides, humic substance, as terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) to fuel anaerobic XOCs degradation. Although there have been increasing anaerobic biodegradation studies focusing on species identification, degrading pathways, community dynamics, systematic reviews on the underlying mechanism of anaerobic contaminants removal from the perspective of electron flow are limited. In this review, we provide the insight on anaerobic biodegradation from electrons aspect — electron production, transport, and consumption. The mechanism of the coupling between TEAs reduction and pollutants degradation is deconstructed in the level of community, pure culture, and cellular biochemistry. Hereby, relevant strategies to promote anaerobic biodegradation are proposed for guiding to an efficient XOCs bioremediation.     

氨法脱硫装置污染源在线比对监测异常原因分析

烟气排放连续监测系统比对监测是环境监测工作的一项重要内容,氨法脱硫装置由于运行工况复杂,现场比对监测时诸多因素会造成比对监测的偏差。文章针对烟气比对监测数据异常和烟尘比对监测数据异常,从几个方面分析造成偏差的原因,并提出相应的质控措施,以减少数据偏差,提高在线比对监测的准确性。