SDA脱硫工艺在烧结烟气脱硫中的应用

介绍了沙钢集团4号360 m2烧结机全烟气脱硫项目的工艺选择、脱硫原理、工艺流程及投产后生产情况,通过对生产后运行分析,认为旋转喷雾干燥法(SDA)作为一种新型的脱硫工艺,适合作为烧结烟气脱硫的主工艺进行推广。     

Fluent软件在地表水源热泵系统温排水数值模拟中的运用

运用Fluent软件对重庆市嘉陵江化龙桥段瑞安新天地江水水源热泵系统尾水排入受纳水域的过程进行二维数值模拟,选取Fluent中非耦合、隐式求解器对模型内的定常流动进行求解,得出受纳水域受水源热泵系统温排水影响后的温升面积和温度梯度。结果表明:在温排水流量为2.0×103 m3/h、温差为4℃的条件下,计算该水域沿水流方向温升超过1℃的最大影响距离为150.4 m,温升超过1℃的水域面积约为1 525 m2,为模拟江水面积的8.59%。选取1℃温升值作为温升带的边界控制值,并在热泵系统最大负荷工况下,根据W=Q×ΔT计算研究水域热环境容量为19.402 m3.℃/s,剩余热环境容量为17.736 m3.℃/s。根据地表水环境质量标准,该工程温排水量小于受纳水域的热承载力,不会对受纳水域生态环境造成热污染。     

降水变化、氮添加对鼎湖山主要森林土壤有机碳矿化和土壤微生物碳的影响

全球变化对土壤有机碳(SOC)存贮与分解的影响在全球碳(C)循环中具有重要地位.分别通过室内土壤培养法和氯仿熏蒸法,研究了降水变化和氮(N)添加处理对鼎湖山3种不同演替阶段的季风常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林和马尾松针叶林SOC矿化和土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)的影响.结果表明:1)降水量增加能够提高森林演替晚期SOC累积矿化量和矿化速率,而对森林演替早期SOC累积矿化量和矿化速率没有显著影响(P>0.05).2)干旱条件(降水量减少)降低森林SMBC含量,且在鼎湖山季风林表层土壤(0～10 cm)中SMBC的减少达到显著水平(P<0.05).3)N添加处理对鼎湖山3种森林类型SOC累积矿化量、矿化速率以及SMBC都没有显著影响(P>0.05).未来关于SOC矿化对全球变化响应的研究,要综合考虑土壤有机质质量、C/N比例、外源性氮输入等因素的作用.图4表2参37     

Effects of water velocity on bulk water quality and biofilm population structure in drinking water distribution systems北大核心CSCD

To study the effect of flow velocity on drinking water distribution systems, bulk water quality was monitored over 28 days, biomass was measured, and 16S rDNA was sequenced on the 28th day using a water distribution simulation system. The relationship between bulk water quality and biofilm was statistically analyzed. Flow velocity of 0.5 m/s yielded the most total organic carbon (TOC) (5.26 ± 0.17 mg/L) in the bulk water, the most bulk water bacteria (lg (n+1/mL-1) = 4.79 ± 0.02), the worst bulk water quality, and the most biofilm bacteria (lg (n+1/cm-2) = 5.48 ± 0.06). A Pearson correlation analysis showed the total number of biofilm bacteria was positively correlated with conductivity (R = 0.73, P < 0.01), turbidity (R = 0.87, P < 0.001), TOC (R = 0.94, P < 0.001), and total bacteria (R = 0.92, P < 0.001), and was negatively correlated with residual chlorine (R = -0.68, P < 0.05). Biofilm diversity was high under the low (0.1 m/s) and high (2.5 m/s) flow rates, but the bacterial diversity of biofilm was the lowest at the 0.5 m/s flow rate, in which Proteobacteria dominated the biofilm community structure. These results suggest that flow velocity affects bulk water quality and biofilm population structure, and water quality and biofilm population structure are interrelated, which provides the theoretical basis for research on biofilms in drinking water distribution systems. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

洱海流域湖泊湖滨带福寿螺时空分布

福寿螺是世界100种恶性入侵物种中唯一的水生螺,已对大理及周边地区造成了不可估量的经济损失和生态安全问题。为探究洱海流域湖泊湖滨带福寿螺时空分布及与水环境因子、季节之间的关系,探索福寿螺在大理地区的入侵机制,为大理地区高效防治福寿螺提供建设性建议,并为福寿螺时空分布格局的相关研究积累资料,于2016年冬季和2017年夏季在大理洱海及其上游水源地海西海、西湖、茈碧湖、绿玉池,以及罗时江湿地进行系统抽样,利用统计软件分析福寿螺分布与水质关系,结合GIS,分析福寿螺的时空分布以及潜在入侵危害。结果表明,从空间尺度上,洱海流域福寿螺有进一步扩散的趋势;从时间尺度上,福寿螺的密度随季节性水位的改变而变化;洱海流域的福寿螺分布和水质因子之间基本无相关性。     

城市交通枢纽混凝土楼面动力放大系数实测研究

城市交通枢纽混凝土楼面的动力荷载效应不可忽视,现有结构设计规范尚未给出相应规定。以某大型城市公共交通枢纽为研究对象,开展了楼面结构在重载公交车辆作用下多个行车工况的现场测试,获取了不同行车速度下楼面结构的应变、挠度等动力响应,在此基础上计算了楼面结构的动力放大系数。结果表明:结构由动力荷载产生的响应明显大于静力荷载产生的响应;随行车速度的增加,动力放大系数先增大后减小;结构应变响应的动力放大系数比位移响应的动力放大系数取值范围大。研究成果可为大跨混凝土楼面板动力放大系数的取值提供参考。     

Multiscale codependence analysis: an integrated approach to analyze relationships across scales

The spatial and temporal organization of ecological processes and features and the scales at which they occur are central topics to landscape ecology and metapopulation dynamics, and increasingly regarded as a cornerstone paradigm for understanding ecological processes. Hence, there is need for computational approaches which allow the identification of the proper spatial or temporal scales of ecological processes and the explicit integration of that information in models. For that purpose, we propose a new method (multiscale codependence analysis, MCA) to test the statistical significance of the correlations between two variables at particular spatial or temporal scales. Validation of the method (using Monte Carlo simulations) included the study of type I error rate, under five statistical significance thresholds, and of type II error rate and statistical power. The method was found to be valid, in terms of type I error rate, and to have sufficient statistical power to be useful in practice. MCA has assumptions that are met in a wide range of circumstances. When applied to model the river habitat of juvenile Atlantic salmon, MCA revealed that variables describing substrate composition of the river bed were the most influential predictors of parr abundance at 0.4-4.1 km scales whereas mean channel depth was more influential at 200-300 m scales. When properly assessed, the spatial structuring observed in nature may be used purposefully to refine our understanding of natural processes and enhance model representativeness.     

Development of pretreatment protocol for DNA extraction from biofilm attached to biologic activated carbon (BAC) granules

The biologic activated carbon (BAC) process is widely used in drinking water treatments. A comprehensive molecular analysis of the microbial community structure provides very helpful data to improve the reactor performance. However, the bottleneck of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from BAC attached biofilm has to be solved since the conventional procedure was unsuccessful due to firm biomass attachment and adsorption capacity of the BAC granules. In this study, five pretreatments were compared, and adding skim milk followed by ultrasonic vibration was proven to be the optimal choice. This protocol was further tested using the vertical BAC samples from the full-scale biofilter of Pinghu Water Plant. The results showed the DNA yielded a range of 40 μg·g^-1 BAC (dry weight) to over 100 μg·g^-1 BAC (dry weight), which were consistent with the biomass distribution. All results suggested that the final protocol could produce qualified genomic DNA as a template from the BAC filter for downstream molecular biology researches.     

连续流湿地中DO、ORP状况及与植物根系分布的关系

构建了水平潜流芦苇人工湿地以处理富营养化河水.在连续运行的近2a时间中,对湿地芦苇根系分布、湿地水体溶解氧(DO)、氧化还原电位(OBP)的时空变化及水力负荷(HLR)对DO、ORP的影响等进行了研究.结果表明,当年生芦苇95%的根系生物量分布在0～20 cm的基质层中,第2个生长年中97%的根系生物量分布在0～35 cm的基质层中,第2年植物根系在深度方向上有了更大的扩展.湿地中上层水体DO和ORP在沿程方向上是逐渐升高的,底层的变化很小,在水深方向上上层大于中底层.受芦苇根系主要分布在基质上层的影响,距地表20 cm的范围内基本属于中等还原环境,中底层水体为强还原环境,水平潜流湿地内部总体上是厌氧状态的.受植物光合作用及大气复氧作用的影响,湿地水体DO在1d之内先升高后降低.水体DO及ORP随着HLR的增大而降低.考察了植物根区ORP状况及根系分布对水体氧化还原状态的影响,结果表明,根系表面的OBP高达(260.6±54.3)mV,远高于水体的ORP(-220.3±21.5)mV.植物根系的释氧作用提高了根区的氧化能力.根区的好氧微环境不足以改变湿地内部的整体厌氧状态;但湿地上层大量根系分布仍然起到了改善湿地上层环境氧化状态的作用.     

人工湿地去除氨氮机理及影响因素研究

人工湿地的脱氮主要是通过水生植物吸收、微生物的硝化和反硝化以及氮的挥发等途径来实现的,微生物的硝化与反硝化是主要的脱氮机制。人工湿地去除氨氮的影响因素很多,不仅受到基质、微生物和水生植物这3种人工湿地构成要素的影响,还受到溶解氧(DO)、pH和温度的影响,改善这些影响因素从而达到良好的脱除氨氮效果。最后对人工湿地基质吸附饱和后再生处理问题进行了探讨。