火灾爆炸危险指数法在油库风险评价中的应用

油库由于储存物料的易燃易爆等特性,一般构成重大危险源,易于发生火灾爆炸事故,采用美国道化学公司的火灾爆炸危险指数法（FEI）,对油库火灾爆炸事故的危险性进行定量分析,计算火灾、爆炸危险指数（F＆EI）,确定油库火灾爆炸事故的影响范围,并针对事故影响范围内的设施制定防范措施,给出安全措施补偿系数,经安全措施补偿后,火灾、爆炸危险指数（F＆EI）减少,事故危险等级降低,事故影响范围缩小,为油库工程的风险管理提供理论依据。     

防治海水入侵的地下水人工调蓄研究——以辽宁六股河地段为例

随着城市的发展,大量抽取地下水,海水入侵灾害已成为制约沿海地区社会经济可持续发展的突出因素.论文以六股河地段为例,针对海水入侵灾害现状,建立了地下水流数值模拟模型,探讨通过地下水人工调蓄来防治海水入侵灾害的途径.     

基于生态足迹供给模型的生态承载力评价

生态足迹供给模型是定量计算地区生态承载力的有效工具。对黑龙江省鹤岗市、内蒙古自治区奈曼旗以及四川省泸州市规划实施前后的人均生态足迹供给量进行了计算,结果显示,鹤岗市与奈曼旗生态足迹供给水平较高,人均生态足迹供给在2．5ha左右,均高于1．5ha的国内生态足迹和2．2ha的全球生态足迹平均水平。泸州市生态足迹供给约为0．508ha,区域可持续发展程度属弱可持续。但由于不同地区的同种土地利用类型存在较大差异,还需要针对各地具体情况开展基础研究工作,才能使生态足迹供给模型更有效、更科学地利用到生态承载能力评价当中。     

污水厂二沉池出水化学除磷实验研究

在原水总磷较高的情况下,生物除磷已不能满足除磷要求。化学除磷作为生物除磷的重要补充显得非常重要。液体硫酸铝是一种很好的化学除磷药剂,在二沉池出水总磷大于2．00mg／L的情况下,60．00mg／L液体硫酸铝投加量可以使TP降至0．50mg／L以下,去除率达到80．00％以上。适宜的水动力条件是除磷效果的保证。     

Evaluation of the infectivity, gene and antigenicity persistence of rotaviruses by free chlorine disinfection

The effects of free chlorine disinfection of tap water and wastewater effluents on the infectivity, gene integrity and surface antigens of rotaviruses were evaluated by a bench-scale chlorine disinfection experiments. Plaque assays, integrated cell culture-quantitative RT-PCR (ICC-RT-qPCR), RT-qPCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively, were used to assess the influence of the disinfectant on virus infectivity as well as genetic and antigenic integrity of simian rotavirus SA11 as a surrogate for human rotaviruses. The ICC-RT-qPCR was able to detect rotaviruses survival from chlorine disinfection at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L (60 min contact), which suggested a required chlorine dose of 5 folds (from 1 to 5 mg/L) higher than that indicated by the plaque assay to achieve 1.8 log₁₀ reductions in tap water with 60 min exposing. The VP7 gene was more resistant than the infectivity and existed at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L (60 min contact), while the antigencity was undetectable with chlorine dose more than 5 mg/L (60 min contact). The water quality also impacted the inactivation efficiencies, and rotaviruses have a relatively higher resistant in secondary effluents than in the tap water under the same chlorine disinfection treatments. This study indicated that rotaviruses have a higher infectivity, gene and antigencity resistance to chlorine than that previously indicated by plaque assay only, which seemed to underestimate the resistance of rotaviruses to chlorine and the risk of rotaviruses in environments. Present results also suggested that re-evaluation of resistance of other waterborne viruses after disinfections by more sensitive infectivity detection method (such as ICC-RT-qPCR) may be necessary, to determine the adequate disinfectant doses required for the inactivation of waterborne viruses.     

Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and biosensing for glucose based on DNA/chitosan film

Glucose oxidase (GOD) is widely used in the glucose biosensor industry. The amperometric biosensors based on directly electron transfer (DET) between an electrode and immobilized GOD are especially promising. In this article, GOD was immobilized with a DNA/chitosan bio-material film on GC electrode, and the DET of GOD on DNA/chitosan was studied. The cyclic voltammetric results indicated that the GOD immobilized in the DNA/chitosan film underwent DET reaction, and the cyclic voltammogram displayed a pair of well-defined redox peaks with a formal potential of ?0.45 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at pH 5.5. The response showed a surface-controlled electrode process with an electron transfer rate constant of 0.91 sec^?1 determined in the scan rate range from 10 to 100 mV/sec. The GOD immobilized in DNA/chitosan membrane retained its biocatalytic activity and stability. The immobilized GOD could electrocatalyze the reduction of dissolved oxygen and resulted in a great increase of the reduction peak current. Upon the addition of glucose, the reduction peak current decreased, which could be used for glucose detection with a sensitivity of 0.48 μA/(mmol/L), a linear range from 0.04 to 2.28 mmol/L and a detection limit of 0.04 mmol/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The sensor could exclude the interference of commonly coexisted uricacid and ascorbic acid.     

南京市市区1998-2009年间房屋拆迁建筑垃圾年产生量估算及其影响因素分析

参考了前人对于拆迁建筑垃圾的研究,根据南京市相关统计数据,估算出1998-2009年间南京城市房屋拆迁建筑垃圾年产生量,并比较了相关数据,得出估值合理。估算结果显示南京市房屋拆迁建筑垃圾年产生量波动较大,但变化趋势大体为上升。影响因素分析显示南京市GDP与房屋拆迁建筑垃圾年产生量1998-2003年间具有高度正相关性,2004-2009年正相关性减弱;市民法律意识的提高使得南京市房屋拆迁趋于合理,间接减缓了房屋拆迁建筑垃圾年产生量的增长趋势;房屋拆迁政策的制定以及修订、社会事件对南京市房屋拆迁建筑垃圾年产生量有短期的影响。最终得出结论随着城市房屋拆迁决策系统的发展,南京市房屋拆迁建筑垃圾产生量将趋于合理。     

电站锅炉水冷壁爆管原因分析及对策

针对某电站锅炉水冷壁严重高温腐蚀,发生爆管事故问题,采用宏观检查、金相及沉积物能谱分析等方法,找出导致水冷壁大面积高温腐蚀的影响因素,提出了改进和预防措施。应用结果结果表明:燃烧器改造及锅炉燃烧调整,使水冷壁爆管事故得到有效控制,确保了锅炉安全稳定运行。     

Cationic content effects of biodegradable amphoteric chitosan-based flocculants on the flocculation properties

A series of biodegradable amphoteric chitosan-based flocculants (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTA) modified carboxymethyl chitosan, denoted as CMC-CTA) with different substitution degrees of CTA were prepared successfully. The content of carboxymethyl groups in each CMC-CTA sample was kept almost constant. The solubility of the various flocculants showed that, higher cationic content of flocculants caused a better solubility. The flocculation experiments using kaolin suspension as synthetic water at the laboratory scale indicated that the substitution degree of CTA was one of the key factors for the flocculation properties. With the increase of cationic content, the flocculants were demonstrated better flocculation performance and lower dosage requirement. Flocculation kinetics model of particles collisions combining zeta potential and turbidity measurements was employed to investigate the effects of the cationic content of the flocculants on the flocculation properties from the viewpoint of flocculation mechanism in detail. Furthermore, flocculation performance using raw water from Zhenjiang part of Yangtze River at the pilot scale showed the similar effects to those at the laboratory scale.