人工湿地中沸石对铵吸附能力的生物再生研究

利用铵吸附饱和的天然斜发沸石和沙质土壤作为基质,构建了沸石柱和芦苇、菖蒲沸石人工湿地试验系统,采用曝气供氧、自然复氧、植物根系输氧以及培养系统中基质上的硝化菌群的方法,研究了铵吸附饱和的沸石在沸石柱和湿地中的生物再生过程。结果显示,沸石在湿地中再生过程符合指数模拟,在试验周期内沸石在沸石柱中再生可以用指数和线性模拟。沸石在湿地系统和沸石柱中经过1个月的再生,交换容量分别恢复到了原来的60.3%~62.6%和11.8%,3个月后分别恢复到了原来的94.6%~94.8%和38.4%。试验证明,沸石在湿地中再生比在沸石柱中再生效果好,交换容量恢复率高出约50%~63%。根据试验结果,探讨了铵吸附饱和的沸石在人工湿地中的生物再生机理,证明了饱和沸石在湿地中生物再生的可行性。     

Feedbacks of flow and bed morphology from a submerged dense vegetation patch without upstream sediment supply

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate how flow patterns and bed morphology are affected around a submerged vegetation patch in the condition without...     

有机磷酸酯对斑马鱼的早期神经毒性作用研究

国内外研究已证实,有机磷酸酯广泛分布于多种环境介质中,但目前仍缺乏足够的数据阐明有机磷酸酯具有早期神经毒性效应及其可能的毒性作用机制。本研究采用模式动物斑马鱼(Danio rerio)作为研究对象,选择了环境中3种典型的有机磷酸酯类化合物包括磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、2-乙基己基二苯基磷酸酯(EHDPP)和磷酸三(2-氯)乙酯(TCEP),从斑马鱼运动行为、氧化应激和神经发育关键基因的转录等方面阐述有机磷酸酯的早期神经毒性作用及可能的作用机制。研究发现,TPP(0.1和1 mg·L~(-1))、EHDPP(0.2和2 mg·L~(-1))和TCEP(0.5和5 mg·L~(-1))可能通过诱导氧化应激并下调神经发育关键基因(mbp和syn2a)的转录从而显著抑制斑马鱼的运动行为。本研究可以为有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂及其替代产品的生产、使用和危险度评估提供直接依据。     

Effect of temperature on removal of iron cyanides from solution by maize plants

Goal, scope, and background  

Cyanide is commonly found in soils and groundwater complexed with iron as ferro- and ferri-cyanide. It is evident that plants are capable of tolerating, transporting, and assimilating iron cyanides. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of temperatures on the removal and bioaccumulation of two chemical forms of iron cyanides by maize seedlings.     

Comparison of initial hydrolysis of the three dimethyl phthalate esters (DMPEs) by a basidiomycetous yeast,Trichosporon DMI-5-1, from coastal sediment

Purpose  

Dimethyl phthalate esters (DMPEs) are a group of plasticizers commonly detected in the environment with potential adverse human health impact. The degradation of DMPEs by fungal systems has been studied to a limited extent, particularly by yeasts. In this study, a basidiomycetous yeast Trichosporon DMI-5-1 capable of degrading DMPEs was obtained and the degradation pathways were investigated.     

环境水体中四溴双酚A的HPLC-MS/MS分析方法的建立与应用

四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A,TBBPA)是目前使用量最大的溴代阻燃剂.随着它的广泛应用,已经引起了大气、水体、沉积物和土壤等环境介质及相关生态系统的严重污染.建立了环境水体中TBBPA的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法.该方法采用电喷雾电离(ESI)负离子模式进行扫描,...     

The effect of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on Escherichia coli genome

Extensive production and application of γ-Fe₂O₃ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has increased their potential risk on environment and human health. This report illustrates a genetic impact of γ-Fe₂O₃ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on Escherichia coli (E. coli). After 3000-generation incubation with MNPs addition, obvious genomic variations were revealed by using repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) DNA fingerprint technique. The physicochemical interactions between MNPs and bacteria could be responsible for such genomic responses. It was revealed that Fe³⁺ concentration increased in the medium. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis consistently demonstrated the occurrences of adsorption and membranes-internalization of MNPs outside and inside cells. Both increased Fe³⁺ ion and the uptake of MNPs facilitated Fe binding with proteins and DNA strands, resulting in enhancing the mutation frequency of E. coli. Our results would be of great help to assessing the potential impact of MNPs on human and environment.     

Developmental toxicity of cypermethrin in embryo-larval stages of zebrafish

Cypermethrin, a type II pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used throughout the world in agriculture, forestry, horticulture and homes. Though the neurotoxicity of cypermethrin has been thoroughly studied in adult rodents, little is so far available regarding the developmental toxicity of cypermethrin to fish in early life stages. To explore the potential developmental toxicity of cypermethrin, 4-h post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of cypermethrin (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg L⁻¹) until 96 h. Among a suite of morphological abnormalities, the unique phenotype curvature was observed at concentrations as low as 25 μg L⁻¹. Studies revealed that 400 μg L⁻¹ cypermethrin significantly increased malondialdehyde production. In addition, activity of antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly induced in zebrafish larvae in a concentration-dependent manner. To further investigate the toxic effects of cypermethrin on fish, acridine orange (AO) staining was performed at 400 μg L⁻¹ cypermethrin and the result showed notable signs of apoptosis mainly in the nervous system. Cypermethrin also down-regulated ogg1 and increased p53 gene expression as well as the caspase-3 activity. Our results demonstrate that cypermethrin was able to induce oxidative stress and produce apoptosis through the involvement of caspases in zebrafish embryos. In this study, we investigated the developmental toxicity of cypermethrin using zebrafish embryos, which could be helpful in fully understanding the potential mechanisms of cypermethrin exposure during embryogenesis and also suggested that zebrafish could serve as an ideal model for studying developmental toxicity of environmental contaminants.     

Free atmospheric phosphine concentrations and fluxes in different wetland ecosystems, China

Atmospheric phosphine (PH₃) fluxes from typical types of wetlands and PH₃ concentrations in adjacent atmospheric air were measured. The seasonal distribution of PH₃ in marsh and paddy fields were observed. Positive PH₃ fluxes are significantly related to high air temperature (summer season) and increased vegetation. It is concluded that vegetation speeds up the liberation of PH₃ from soils, while water coverage might function as a diffusion barrier from soils or sediments to the atmosphere. The concentrations of atmospheric PH₃ (ng m⁻³) above different wetlands decrease in the order of paddy fields (51.8 ± 3.1) > marsh (46.5 ± 20.5) > lake (37.0 ± 22.7) > coastal wetland (1.71 ± 0.73). Highest atmospheric PH₃ levels in marsh are found in summer. In paddy fields, atmospheric PH₃ concentrations in flourishing stages are higher than those in slowly growing stages.     

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy application in environmental monitoring of water quality: a review

Water quality monitoring is a critical part of environmental management and protection, and to be able to qualitatively and quantitatively determine contamination and impurity levels in water is especially important. Compared to the currently available water quality monitoring methods and techniques, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has several advantages, including no need for sample pre-preparation, fast and easy operation, and chemical free during the process. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the fundamentals of aqueous LIBS analysis and effectively apply this technique to environmental monitoring. This article reviews the research conducted on LIBS analysis for liquid samples, and the article content includes LIBS theory, history and applications, quantitative analysis of metallic species in liquids, LIBS signal enhancement methods and data processing, characteristics of plasma generated by laser in water, and the factors affecting accuracy of analysis results. Although there have been many research works focusing on aqueous LIBS analysis, detection limit and stability of this technique still need to be improved to satisfy the requirements of environmental monitoring standard. In addition, determination of nonmetallic species in liquid by LIBS is equally important and needs immediate attention from the community. This comprehensive review will assist the readers to better understand the aqueous LIBS technique and help to identify current research needs for environmental monitoring of water quality.