颗粒物吸附乐果的动力学特征

研究了乐果在颗粒物表面上吸附的动力学特征,观察了颗粒物的性质对吸附行为的影响.结果表明,乐果在3种颗粒物上的吸附过程均符合一级动力学规律,其相关系数在0.986 2～0.990 5,达到极显著水平.颗粒物的性质与吸附量相关分析发现,不同颗粒物对乐果的吸附程度是由颗粒物的有机质、粘粒、阳离子交换容量(CEC)和pH等理化特征综合作用的结果.pH对吸附行为影响的实验结果指出,随着体系的pH逐渐增大,颗粒物对乐果的吸附能力增强.     

本构模型特性对深厚场地非线性地震反应的影响

采用基于Davidenkov和Matasovic骨架曲线构造的不规则加卸荷应力—应变滞回圈,数值模拟了2个剖面的苏州第四纪深厚场地二维非线性地震反应。结果表明:(1)采用Matasovic模型计算的地表峰值加速度稍大于采用Davidenkov模型计算的地表峰值加速度,但前者计算的地表地震动持续时间稍小于后者计算的。随着基岩输入地震动强度的增大,两者给出的地表峰值加速度差异呈现逐渐增大的趋势,并与土体的横向不均匀特性有关;(2)两者给出的地表谱加速度谱形基本相似,其差异随基岩输入地震动强度的增大而增大;远场地震动作用下地表谱加速度的卓越周期也随输入地震动强度的增大而增大;(3)两者给出的峰值加速度随土层深度和横向的空间变化特征基本一致,远场地震动作用下的地表峰值加速度明显大于近场地震动作用下的地表峰值加速度。     

The relationship between chemical elements in soil and whole blood,and fluorosis induced by coal-fired pollution

To study the relationship between chemical elements in soil and whole blood, and fluorosis induced by coal-fired pollution, ecological and case–control studies were carried out. We determined the concentrations of 11 chemical elements and pH values in soil in two fluorosis-affected counties in Chongqing, China, and analyzed the correlation between these values and prevalence of dental fluorosis. Ni, I, F, Hg, and pH values positively correlated with fluorosis prevalence (P?<?0.05); these soil parameters may be related to coal-fired pollution fluorosis. Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, and Fe concentrations in whole blood, and fluoride levels in urine of residents in epidemic and non-epidemic areas were determined. Cu, Zn, Mg, and Fe levels of the children in the case group were lower than those of the children in the external control group; urine fluoride level in the children in the case group was higher than that of the children in the internal and external control groups (P?<?0.05). The levels of Mg, Fe, and urine fluoride were higher in the case adult group than in the internal adult control group (P?<?0.05). Anti-fluoride elements were deficient in endemic areas.     

Birth of healthy children after preimplantation diagnosis of β-thalassemia by whole-genome amplification

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) offers couples at risk for transmitting an inherited disorder the possibility to avoid the need to terminate affected pregnancies. PGD for monogenic diseases is most commonly accomplished by blastomere biopsy from cleavage-stage embryos, followed by PCR-based DNA analysis. However, the molecular heterogeneity of many monogenic diseases requires a diagnostic strategy capable of detecting a range of mutations and compound genotypes. With the above considerations, we developed an accurate and reliable strategy for analysis of β-globin gene mutations, applicable for PGD for the wide spectrum of β-thalassemia major mutations in the Chinese population. The strategy involves primer-extension preamplification (PEP), followed by nested PCR and reverse dot blot (RDB) for mutation detection since it facilitates simultaneous analysis of more than one mutation in a single cell. This report describes the application of the strategy in two clinical IVF/PGD cycles at risk for transmitting β-thalassemia major, which resulted in the first thalassemia-free children born after PGD in China. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The curve of ion exchange ratio(%)-pH of the interaction between suspended particles with Cd(Ⅱ) in the Yellow River

Ｔｈｅｃｕｒｖｅｏｆｉｏｎｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅｒａｔｉｏ（％）ｐＨｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｎｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｗｉｔｈＣｄ（Ⅱ）ｉｎｔｈｅＹｅｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒＹａｎｇＨｏｎｇｗｅｉ，ＪｉａｏＸｉａｏｂａｏ，Ｇｕ...     

土地利用与流域水环境管理研究

从土地利用活动与环境的关系着手，分析得出物质流动是联系两者纽带的结论；提出了污染物及沉积物输移的计算模型；最后，探讨了通过土地利用来改善水环境的措施和方法。     

浅谈二重源解析技术

针对中国扬尘污染较严重和扬尘污染源的特殊性,人们提出了二重源解析技术,解决了源解析计算中存在的一些问题,如扬尘和其他它单一尘源类的共线性等问题,但在该技术的应用中同样存在一些问题.对二重源解析技术的原理、存在缺陷以及相应的改进、需注意的问题进行了论述,为环保工作者提供相应的参考.     

分离假单胞菌大质粒的简便方法

本文介绍了一种分离假单胞菌大质粒的简便方法。用这种方法提取的质粒DNA样品,可直接用于琼脂糖凝胶电泳检查和限制性内切酶分析。     

变薄拉深筒壁拉力计算

利用上限单元和主应力单元分析方法计算变薄拉深筒壁拉力,并将计算结果与刚塑性有限元法及试验值相比较。     

甘肃省悬钩子属植物资源分布及其开发前景初探

悬钩子属植物在甘肃共有３４种、８变种，分布于南秦岭山地、北秦岭山地森林、甘南山地森林、东祁连山林区、陇西、陇东黄土高原区及甘南高山草原区。大多数具可食性，具开发利用价值。建立悬钩子的栽培试验基地是保证原料供应的重要措施。通过对悬钩子产品的市场需求量及产品属类的评估，可望将其潜在的野生价值转变为实际生产力。