富伦纸业污染治理成果的启示

本文报道了富伦纸业通过工艺与设备的调整与改造，工艺全程控制与末端综合治理，不但治理了环境污染，还获得了一定的经济效益。     

湖滨带植物群落对挟沙水体氮、磷污染物的截留效果

利用菖蒲(Gladiolus hybridus)、菱(Vallisneria spiralis)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、苦草(Vallisneria spiralis)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)及菹草(Potamogeton crispus)构建的人工湖滨带对挟沙水体氮、磷污染物的截留效果进行了研究。结果表明:人工湖滨带在截留水体悬浮泥沙颗粒物的同时可有效截留水体中的氮、磷营养物质,对防止富营养化具有积极的作用。一定的水力负荷下,滞留时间12h时,夏秋季节人工湖滨带对氮、磷的截留百分率分别为21.5%、34.8%,滞留24h时的氮、磷截留率分别为25%、31.1%。在冬春季节,滞留时间24h时,菹草对挟沙水体氮、磷的截留率分别为6.67%、10.83%,滞留时间48h时的总磷截留率为6.84%。不同水流滞留时间下人工湖滨带对挟沙水体氮磷的截留效果不同,滞留时间越长效果越明显,因此须保证一定的滞留时间才可取得较好的氮磷截流效果。人工湖滨带在截留径流氮、磷营养物的过程中,泥沙对氮、磷的吸附携带作用不容忽视。     

新疆自然植被对非对称性昼夜增温的时滞响应

为探究新疆地区植被活动与昼夜增温之间的复杂关系,本文利用2000~2015年归一化植被指数（NDVI）及气象数据,定量研究了新疆北疆、南疆及伊犁地区生长季日间最高气温（T_max）、夜间最低气温（T_min）变化趋势及植被对非对称性累积昼夜增温的时滞响应,通过二阶偏相关分析了T_max、T_min对新疆地区植被的影响.结果表明：北疆、南疆及伊犁地区昼夜增温均呈非对称性,昼夜增温空间异质性显著,北疆地区T_min增温速率为T_max增温速率的1.67倍,南疆地区T_min增温速率为T_max增温速率的1.59倍,伊犁地区T_min增温速率为T_max增温速率的2.67倍,伊犁地区昼夜温差缩小趋势显著.植被对非对称性昼夜累积增温时滞性呈现明显的空间差异,T_max、T_min对新疆地区植被平均滞后时间为（0.97±0.93）个月和（0.91±0.95）个月.南疆、北疆及伊犁地区针叶林、阔叶林及草甸草原植被受日间增温的影响,荒漠草原、典型草原受夜间增温影响显著,夜间增温影响范围更广.     

太原市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子的季节污染特征及来源分析

为探究当前空气质量持续改善背景下重污染地区大气PM_2.5和水溶性无机离子（WSⅡs）的污染特征和季节变化,于2019年在太原市采集了四季PM_2.5样品.结果表明,2019年太原市PM_2.5年均质量浓度为（65.50±30.44）μg·m^-3,水溶性离子浓度的季节特征为：冬季（39.81 μg·m^-3） > 秋季（33.05 μg·m^-3） > 春季（20.50 μg·m^-3） > 夏季（19.62 μg·m^-3）.WSⅡs以二次离子SNA为主,占总离子浓度的76.90%±10.51%,且随着PM_2.5污染加重,SNA的比重显著升高.其中,SO₄^2-和NO₃^-在秋、冬季的浓度最高,这与气态污染物排放增加和二次转化程度的升高（硫氧化率SOR>0.30,氮氧化率NOR>0.10）有关;NH₄⁺、Cl^-和K⁺在冬季的浓度最高,是其他季节的1.2~7.9倍,可能归因于冬季燃煤和生物质燃烧活动的增加;由于春季风速较高,受土壤扬尘的影响,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的比重在春季显著增加为20.2%.春季和夏季为贫氨状态,而秋、冬季为富氨状态,且硝酸盐颗粒物在高湿度条件下的吸湿增长比硫酸盐更为显著.太原市大气PM_2.5中水溶性离子主要来源于二次生成、燃煤、生物质燃烧和土壤扬尘.     

盐城海滨湿地土壤水分空间特征与植被关系研究

在盐城国家级自然保护区内选择研究断面,进行野外监测,运用统计分析的方法,分析了盐城海滨湿土壤水分与植被的关系.结果表明:(1)自然条件下,从芦苇沼泽到米草沼泽,土壤水分呈明显的增加趋势,0~10 cm土层平均含水量从35.98%增加到46.10%;10~20 cm土层平均含水量从37.93%增加到44.80%;20~30 cm土层平均含水量从38.12%增加到46.84%.(2)人为影响下,土壤含水量在整体上表现出从陆地到海洋,先降低后增加的趋势.(3)在植被交错带,米草土壤含水量与斑块大小密切相关,随着斑块面积的增加而增加;芦苇土壤含水量与距海堤距离密切相关,对着距离的增加而增加.     

Association between population density and infection rate suggests the importance of social distancing and travel restriction in reducing the COVID-19 pandemic

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Currently, 2019-nCoV has spread to most countries of the world. Understanding the environmental factors that affect the spread of the disease COVID-19...     

Study on the dissipation pattern and risk assessment of metalaxyl-M in rice grains and paddy soil and water by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Herein, field experiment trials were conducted at two different sites (Heilongjiang and Hubei Province) in China to determine the residual levels and...     

家庭食品处理风险行为特征与食源性疾病间相关性研究

借鉴国内外研究成果,结合中国实际界定了引发食源性疾病的家庭食品处理风险行为,并基于10省(区)2 163户家庭的横断面抽样调查数据,以实践理论为指导,运用因子分析和聚类分析方法,实证测度家庭食品处理风险行为特征。以食源性腹泻为研究病例,利用有序多分类Logit回归模型分析了家庭食品处理风险行为特征与食源性疾病之间的关系,确定家庭食品处理的关键风险行为特征与人群特征。结果表明,对应于食品处理安全行为,家庭食品处理风险行为特征主要为食品运输、食品冷藏与剩菜处理不当,厨房清洁用品交叉污染,生熟食品交叉污染,清洁卫生风险,烹调不彻底等七种类型,且生熟食品交叉污染与剩菜处理不当是引发家庭食源性腹泻的最主要风险行为特征,尤其是男性、已婚、年龄较大、家庭人口数较少、受教育程度和职业稳定度较低、以及个人和家庭年收入水平较低的家庭人群。家庭是预防食源性疾病的最后一道防线,政府应致力于与消费者进行风险沟通,提升消费者的责任认知,采用差异化策略改善风险消费者的家庭食品处理习惯,实施抗击食源性疾病战略。     

Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: An example using northern snakehead (Channa argus)

Models of species’ demographic features are commonly used to understand population dynamics and inform management tactics. Hierarchical demographic models are ideal for the assessment of non-indigenous species because our knowledge of non-indigenous populations is usually limited, data on demographic traits often come from a species’ native range, these traits vary among populations, and traits are likely to vary considerably over time as species adapt to new environments. Hierarchical models readily incorporate this spatiotemporal variation in species’ demographic traits by representing demographic parameters as multi-level hierarchies. As is done for traditional non-hierarchical matrix models, sensitivity and elasticity analyses are used to evaluate the contributions of different life stages and parameters to estimates of population growth rate. We applied a hierarchical model to northern snakehead (Channa argus), a fish currently invading the eastern United States. We used a Monte Carlo approach to simulate uncertainties in the sensitivity and elasticity analyses and to project future population persistence under selected management tactics. We gathered key biological information on northern snakehead natural mortality, maturity and recruitment in its native Asian environment. We compared the model performance with and without hierarchy of parameters. Our results suggest that ignoring the hierarchy of parameters in demographic models may result in poor estimates of population size and growth and may lead to erroneous management advice. In our case, the hierarchy used multi-level distributions to simulate the heterogeneity of demographic parameters across different locations or situations. The probability that the northern snakehead population will increase and harm the native fauna is considerable. Our elasticity and prognostic analyses showed that intensive control efforts immediately prior to spawning and/or juvenile-dispersal periods would be more effective (and probably require less effort) than year-round control efforts. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering the hierarchy of parameters in estimating population growth rate and evaluating different management strategies for non-indigenous invasive species.     

Synthesis of novel hapten and production of generic monoclonal antibody for immunoassay of penicillins residues in milk

The objective of this study was to produce a generic monoclonal antibody for determination of penicillins residues in milk. The compound 6-aminopenicillanic acid was used as the template to synthesize two novel generic haptens that were used to produce the monoclonal antibodies. The obtained monoclonal antibodies simultaneously recognized 11 penicillin drugs (amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G, penicillin V, sulbenicillin, carbencillin, methicillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin, and nafcillin). After evaluation of different reagent combinations, a heterologous indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay was developed to multi-determine the 11 drugs in milk. The crossreactivities to the 11 drugs were in a range of 16%–117% and the limits of detection were in a range of 0.7–9.3 ng/mL depending on the drug. The recoveries from the fortified blank milk were in a range of 77.6%–99.4% with coefficients of variation lower than 13.5%. This method could be used as a rapid screen tool for routine monitoring the residues of the 11 penicillin drugs in animal derived foods.