基于玄武岩纤维载体的生物膜法净化污染河道水体

为考察不同水体环境状况下,所构建的基于玄武岩纤维的污染河道水体净化技术的净化效能,通过模拟不同p H、温度及DO的污染河道水体环境,研究了水体中的COD、氨氮及TP指标变化规律,得到所构建的净化技术对COD、氨氮及TP的削减速率。研究结果表明,不同温度环境下COD、氨氮及TP的净化效率会随着时间增加而增强;不同DO环境下COD、氨氮及TP的净化效率随时间增加而增强;不同p H条件下COD净化效率随着时间增加而持续增强,氨氮净化效率随时间增加至某一极值后趋于平稳,而TP的净化效率会随着时间增加表现先升高后降低的趋势。此外,实验期间不同水体环境下COD、氨氮与TP皆在温度20~25℃,p H为7,DO为2~4 mg/L时分别获得93%、90%和36%的最大净化效率;根据实验结果得出的最适宜水体环境为温度20~25℃,p H为7,DO为2~4 mg/L;COD、氨氮及TP削减速率分别为0.63~0.84、3.6×10-3~4.0×10-2和7.1×10-4~2.9×10-3kg/(m3·d)。     

The accuracy of two- and three-way positive matrix factorization models: Applying simulated multisite data sets

The application of three-way data sets (combined multisite data sets) for source apportionment has become common, but its influence on the performance of receptor modeling techniques has not yet been explored systematically. To study the influence of site-to-site correlations of source contributions and the spatial variability of source profiles on two- and three-way positive matrix factorization (PMF), simulated three-way data sets were constructed and modeled by different applications of PMF (PMF2 for each site individually, PMF2 for data sets combining all sites together, and PMF3 for all sites). In addition, the performance of PMF was evaluated under conditions of collinearity and different source categories at two sites. The results indicated that if the sites were contributed by sources with identical profiles, the site-to-site correlations of source contributions would not influence the PMF2, and the three-way blocks could be used by PMF2. However, the PMF2 using three-way data sets was sensitive to the spatial variability of source profiles. For the three-way model, PMF3 could perform well only when all of the sources exhibited strong site-to-site associations among all sites, and at the same time, the spatial variability of source profiles were sufficiently small. It might due to the algorithm that, for each source, PMF3 produces the same source profile and the same temporal variation in daily contributions among all sites.

Implications:?The application of multisite data sets for source apportionment has become common. However, limited work investigated the accuracy of two- and three-way PMFs when using multisite data sets. If the application of PMFs using multisite data sets were not appropriate, the results would be unreasonable. The unreasonable results would supply confused information for PM control strategies. In this work, simulated multisite data sets were modeled by different applications of PMFs. The effort to assess and compare the performance of two- and three-way PMFs using multisite data sets is very limited. The findings could provide information for multisite source apportionment.     

餐厨垃圾和绿化废弃物换向通风好氧堆肥

以某高校餐厨垃圾和绿化废弃物为原料,利用一种换向通风的堆肥降解装置对其进行好氧堆肥处理,研究了2个进气温度(35℃、45℃)和3个通风速率(1.5、2.5和4 m3/h)6个处理组对堆肥原料理化性质(堆体温度、含水率、pH值、有机质含量、C/N、种子发芽指数)的影响。餐厨垃圾和绿化废弃物进行15 d好氧堆肥后,pH值上升到7左右,有机质含量达到20%~80%,C/N都降到20以下,种子发芽指数均大于50%。经过1个月腐熟,其含水率≤30%。上述指标符合有机肥料标准(NY525-2011)的要求,该堆肥产物可用于园林绿地,具有显著的经济效益和生态效益。本研究结果表明,将城市餐厨垃圾和绿化废弃物混合后进行好氧堆肥是废弃物处理的高效工程,具有良好的发展前景。     

底物浓度影响微生物燃料电池性能和生物生长的模拟研究

建立了含有悬浮微生物、电极上生物量、可溶性化学底物和中介体的微生物燃料电池(MFC)数学模型。通过底物降解、生物增长和电流产生过程的模拟,考察了生物量和底物随时间的变化规律,底物质量浓度对生物量、底物降解和电流的影响。结果表明,当溶液中初始微生物量很少时,随着MFC反应的进行,生物主要富集在电极上,溶液中生物生长缓慢;MFC中的生物生长经历延滞期、对数期和平稳期,底物分解经历缓慢、快速和消耗殆尽3个阶段。底物质量浓度小于等于250 mg/L时,生物延滞期时间、底物缓慢分解阶段时间、生物生长到达平稳时间、底物消耗殆尽的时间和电流到达最大值所需的时间随着底物质量浓度的增加而缩短。底物质量浓度大于250 mg/L时,生物延滞期时间、底物缓慢分解阶段时间、生物生长到达平稳时间、底物消耗殆尽的时间和电流到达最大值所需的时间随着底物质量浓度的增加而增加。     

酸析与超声波-超重力-臭氧氧化法联合预处理二硝基甲苯废水

将二硝基甲苯废水(简称废水)酸析后进行超声波-超重力-臭氧氧化处理,考察了酸的种类及废水pH对酸析效果的影响.实验结果表明:加入质量分数98％的H2SO4溶液调节废水pH为1.0时,酸析效果较好,酸析后废水COD去除率为38.50％,硝基化合物的去除率为45.26％,酸析析出物为一硝基甲苯磺酸;酸析后废水经超声波-超重...     

Prediction and cause investigation of ozone based on a double-stage attention mechanism recurrent neural network

● Used a double-stage attention mechanism model to predict ozone. ● The model can autonomously select the appropriate time series for forecasting. ● The model outperforms other machine learning models and WRF-CMAQ. ● We used the model to analyze the driving factors of VOCs that cause ozone pollution. Ozone is becoming a significant air pollutant in some regions, and VOCs are essential for ozone prediction as necessary ozone precursors. In this study, we proposed a recurrent neural network based on a double-stage attention mechanism model to predict ozone, selected an appropriate time series for prediction through the input attention and temporal attention mechanisms, and analyzed the cause of ozone generation according to the contribution of feature parameters. The experimental data show that our model had an RMSE of 7.71 μg/m³ and a mean absolute error of 5.97 μg/m³ for 1-h predictions. The DA-RNN model predicted ozone closer to observations than the other models. Based on the importance of the characteristics, we found that the ozone pollution in the Jinshan Industrial Zone mainly comes from the emissions of petrochemical enterprises, and the good generalization performance of the model is proved through testing multiple stations. Our experimental results demonstrate the validity and promising application of the DA-RNN model in predicting atmospheric pollutants and investigating their causes.     

扁豆中脂溶性毒物与农药增毒作用的探讨

针对食用扁豆中毒事故是否同扁豆中脂溶性毒物与残留农药的增毒作用有关,进行了探索性研究。经对扁豆脂溶性毒物的提取、纯化、筛选,以家绳和小鼠为试材进行了毒性与农药增毒作用测定。结果表明,除石油醚-乙醚萃取系统F2的c段与乐果和呋喃丹,乙醚萃取系统D的a段和F2的a段与拉硫磷对家蝇表现出微弱的增毒作用外,其他分寓物与乐果、呋喃丹、甲胺磷和溴氰菊酯均表现出拮抗作用.小鼠试验表明,无论是单用分离物或与乐果混用,都未观察到中毒症状。      

柳林地区晚中新世 — 上新世红黏土磁性地层学研究

黄土高原巨厚的风成堆积蕴含丰富的古环境变化信息,是研究亚洲内陆干旱化与东亚季风演化的天然载体,对探讨全球气候变化具有重要意义.本文对黄土高原东部的柳林红黏土剖面开展的岩石磁学研究表明该红黏土层序磁性由磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿为主要磁性矿物.高分辨率的磁性地层学研究表明:柳林红黏土记录了C2An.1r?—?C3r的极性序列,结合...     

制革废水处理过程中微生物代谢产物特征及铬分布的解析

制革废水生化处理后的出水仍残留低浓度的铬,为揭示微量铬在活性污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)中的分布及胞外聚合物在生物处理过程中的转化,通过改良热提取法提取生物处理过程中EPS和SMP,测定各组分中多糖、蛋白质、总铬等含量,分析制革废水生物处理中EPS组分的特征、金属铬的分布和EPS各组分含量。结果表明:一级生物处理中EPS的蛋白质和多糖含量均逐渐降低,二级生物处理中EPS含量增加,活性污泥SMP与邻近沉淀池出水组分及溶解性有机物含量具有较强的相似性;铬在不同来源污泥EPS中的分布存在差异,污泥表面吸附及EPS对铬的络合富集、EPS的水解及代谢组分外排的行为均影响铬的迁移;通常,水体中铬首先被S-EPS吸收,经LB-EPS运输渗透至TB-EPS中储存。根据Pearson分析结果,总铬的分布与胞外聚合物中PS/PN及PS含量呈显著正相关(P0.01)。以上研究结果可为制革废水铬排放总量控制和深度处理提供参考。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in leaf cuticles and inner tissues of six species of trees in urban Beijing

Leaf samples of six tree species were collected along urban roadsides and a campus site in Beijing for measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs in leaves were attributed to two fractions, leaf cuticles and inner leaf tissues, using sequential extraction. Total concentrations of 16 PAHs in the cuticles and the inner tissues were 69.3+/-64.6 microg g(-1) (d.w.) and 1.07+/-0.2 microg g(-1) (d.w.) at roadside and 57.5+/-52.6 microg g(-1) and 0.716+/-0.2 microg g(-1) on campus, respectively. The lipid-normalized inner tissue PAHs varied from 5.8 microg g(-1) to 15.0 microg g(-1). Similarities in PAH spectra between leaf cuticles and airborne particles and between the inner tissues and gaseous phase imply that airborne particulates and gaseous PAHs are likely the sources of PAHs for cuticles and the inner tissues, respectively. Difficulty in migration of heavier PAHs into inner tissues could be another reason.