太湖流域水污染治理项目绩效评估及长效管理机制研究

通过对近年来太湖流域水污染治理项目进行实地调查与水质监测分析,发现工业点源污染治理、城镇污水处理、农业面源污染治理、生态环境保护及河网综合整治等项目存在运行不正常、维护不到位、管理不规范、水质改善不明显等问题.根据各类项目水环境绩效评估结果,将项目分为严格界定、重点推进、加强推进、减少实施四类,作为今后太湖治理重点方向的建议,并针对项目运行、维护、管理等方面存在的问题开展项目长效管理机制研究,以推动太湖水环境质量的改善,为流域水污染治理提供借鉴和经验.     

基于SPAMS的天津市夏季环境受体中颗粒物的混合状态及来源

天津位于京津冀区域,近年来面临的颗粒物污染问题受到广泛关注,研究其大气环境中颗粒物的化学组成及来源具有重要意义.为明确天津市夏季环境受体中颗粒物的混合状态及可能来源,于2017年7月利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(single particle aerosol mass spectrometer,SPAMS)在津南区采集到成功电离有粒径及完整质谱信息颗粒209 887个,利用ART-2a对有质谱数据的颗粒按照质谱特征的相似性进行聚类共获得369个颗粒物类别,随后按照类别的化学组成(质谱谱图)的相似性进行人工合并获得19个颗粒物类别,包括:K-EC(0.20%)、K-EC-Sec(0.18%)、K-NO_3-PO_3(12.00%)、K-NO_3-SiO_3(2.98%)、K-Sec(0.16%)、EC(39.60%)、EC-Sec(3.46%)、EC-HM-Sec(3.93%)、HEC(1.49%)、HEC-Sec(1.38%)、OC-Amine-Sec(3.58%)、OC-Sec(0.36%)、OCEC-Sec(0.71%)、Dust-HEC(21.35%)、Dust-Sec(0.72%)、Cl-EC-NO_3(1.22%)、Na-Cl-NO_3(3.20%)、HM-Sec(2.58%)和PAH-Sec(0.90%)颗粒.得到的各个颗粒类别可归因于气溶胶颗粒的不同来源及不同的传输和反应过程,综合分析采集到的颗粒贡献源主要包括机动车排放源、生物质燃烧源、工业排放源、扬尘源、燃煤源和二次源等.其中K-EC、EC、HEC和Dust-HEC等颗粒主要来自一次源直接排放,K-Sec、OC-Amine-Sec、OC-Sec、OCEC-Sec和Na-Cl-NO_3等颗粒大都是一次源排放颗粒经历了不同程度的老化或与二次组分进行了不同程度的混合.     

活性炭加微波还原分解SO2实验研究

介绍一种二氧化硫处理的新技术活性炭加微波还原分解二氧化硫.探讨了在微波场中活性炭的升温行为,得到了一定质量的活性炭随温度的升高脱硫率变化规律.实验表明,在470 ℃条件下,可以达到96%以上的脱硫效率.可以采用冷凝方法将单质硫回收.     

“罐采样-实验室分析”测定环境空气中117种挥发性有机物要点分析

“罐采样-实验室分析”是当前测定环境空气中挥发性有机物的主流方法。结合已有资料,针对方法涉及的采样、样品运输与保存、分析测试等环节,考察了环境空气中挥发性有机物监测的主要影响因素。罐选择、清洁度、气密性、惰性化是样品保存的先决条件;采样流量控制器的气密性、流量校准等是保证监测准确的基本要素;温度变化对样品保存产生影响;标准气体的湿度、配置平衡时间、保存时间、配制准确性和内标气体的保存时间等会导致校准和溯源产生偏差。样品中的水分及二氧化碳是分析过程中影响监测结果准确性的干扰因素,实验室有机溶剂也会干扰分析的准确性。     

Study on the migration mechanisms of water-soluble agents in high-pressure rotary jetting remediation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - High-pressure rotary jetting (HPRJ) remediation is a recent-applied technology for in situ remediation of contaminated soils. The effectiveness of...     

生物炭与化肥混合对氨挥发和磷固定的影响

为探究生物炭化肥的加合作用,利用烟沫(YM)和酒糟(JZ)这2种工业废弃物及农业废弃物玉米秸秆(JG)为原材料制成生物炭,同时将烟沫生物炭进行改性制成烟沫改性生物炭(M-YM),采用培养实验的方法,研究4种生物炭分别在不同化肥配比下,在一定时间内氨挥发和磷固定的规律,以期为生物炭的农业利用提供科学依据.结果表明:①4种...     

水深和扰动对北运河沉积物释放的模拟研究

结合汛期河道水位上涨现状,以河流沉积物为研究对象,通过实验室水槽模拟河道的方式,分别在静置和扰动两种工况下,探索汛期降雨导致河道水位上涨对河道沉积物中污染物释放的影响.研究结果表明,在静置条件下,水深正向影响沉积物中CODc,的释放通量(R2= 0.945),负向影响NH3-N释放通量(R2= 0.967).在扰动条件...     

Technological opportunity identification of cement kiln co-processing based on the gap between science and technology

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Cement kiln co-processing (CKC) is a promising technology for solid waste treatment, which can achieve both goals of energy saving for cement...     

Mercury removal from flue gas using nitrate as an electron acceptor in a membrane biofilm reactor

Membrane bioreactor achieved mercury removal using nitrate as an electron acceptor. The biological mercury oxidation increased with the increase of oxygen concentration. Ferrous sulfide could make both Hg²⁺ and MeHg transform into HgS-like substances. Nitrate drives mercury oxidation through katE, katG, nar, nir, nor, and nos. Mercury (Hg⁰) is a hazardous air pollutant for its toxicity, and bioaccumulation. This study reported that membrane biofilm reactor achieved mercury removal from flue gas using nitrate as the electron acceptor. Hg⁰ removal efficiency was up to 88.7% in 280 days of operation. Oxygen content in flue gas affected mercury redox reactions, mercury biooxidation and microbial methylation. The biological mercury oxidation increased with the increase of oxygen concentration (2%‒17%), methylation of mercury reduced with the increase of oxygen concentration. The dominant bacteria at oxygen concentration of 2%, 6%, 17%, 21% were Halomonas, Anaerobacillus, Halomonas and Pseudomonas, respectively. The addition of ferrous sulfide could immobilize Hg²⁺ effectively, and make both Hg²⁺ and MeHg transform into HgS-like substances, which could achieve the inhibition effect of methylation, and promote conversion of mercury. The dominant bacteria changed from Halomonas to Planctopirus after FeS addition. Nitrate drives mercury oxidation through katE, katG, nar, nir, nor, and nos for Hg⁰ removal in flue gas.     

The positive role of trade openness in industrial green total factor productivity—provincial evidence from China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The sustainable development of the economy is a key issue of global concern. Green total factor productivity (GTFP) combining economic growth with...