INCREASING WATER SUPPLY BY MIXING OF FRESH AND SALINE GROUND WATERS1

ABSTRACT: The quality of ground water in any aquifer takes its final form due to natural mixture of waters, which may originate from different sources. Water quality varies from one aquifer to another and even within the same aquifer itself. Different ground water quality is obtained from wells and is mixed in a common reservoir prior to any consumption. This artificial mixing enables an increase in available ground water of a desired quality for agricultural or residential purposes. The question remains as to what proportions of water from different wells should be mixed together to achieve a desired water quality for this artificial mixture. Two sets of laboratory experiments were carried out, namely, the addition of saline water to a fixed volume of fresh water. After each addition, the mixture volume and the electric conductivity value of the artificially mixed water were recorded. The experiments were carried out under the same laboratory temperature of 20°C. A standard curve was developed first experimentally and then confirmed theoretically. This curve is useful in determining either the volume or discharge ratio from two wells to achieve a predetermined electrical conductivity value of the artificial mixture. The application of the curve is given for two wells within the Quaternary deposits in the western part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.     

温度对蚯蚓生物滤池处理小城镇污泥效果影响

试验在9¹0,1410,14¹5,1815,18¹9,2419,24²5℃4个温度水平下进行,在蚯蚓生物滤池试验的同时进行了无蚯蚓对照试验,对蚯蚓生物滤池的蚯蚓与微生物的协同作用,以及对污泥的稳定性、污泥性状、污泥含有的微量元素的变化进行试验研究。结果表明在前3个温度水平下随着温度的升高,降解污泥有机质能力、总氮去除效果、硝化能力、聚磷效果方面蚯蚓生物滤池与无蚯蚓生物滤池都有明显提高,并且有蚯蚓的处理效果始终高于无蚯蚓的,但第4个温度水平下,无蚯蚓的处理效果与有蚯蚓的基本相同。     

折叠翼机构加载展开试验系统设计和仿真研究

设计了一种折叠翼加载展开试验装置,并进行了不同装药量时的加载展开试验,测试了展开时间。建立了折叠翼机构仿真模型,在试验数据的基础上,确定了模型的加力情况。仿真数据表明,加载汽缸引起的附加质量对展开时间影响较小,加载试验方法可行;弹翼加上模拟升力后,展开时间比不加模拟升力长20%左右,对展开时间影响显著。     

Effects of penconazole enantiomers exposure on hormonal disruption in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - PEN is a widely used triazole fungicide, usually used to control grape white rot. In the process of agricultural use, PEN will be scattered to the...     

新型钛酸钠填料对Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的竞争吸附研究

以钛酸钠纳米纤维为原材料制备新型钛酸钠填料,对水体中常见的重金属(Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Cd~(2+))进行竞争吸附实验研究,分析了四元、三元及双组分竞争吸附的选择性吸附特性,并探讨了4种金属离子在钛酸钠填料上的相互作用关系.结果显示,初始浓度较低时,4种离子之间的相互影响差异性不明显;随着初始浓度的升高,4种离子的竞争吸附分配系数都呈下降的趋势,竞争吸附系数大小顺序为:Pb~(2+)Cu~(2+)Zn~(2+)Cd~(2+),这与重金属离子的第一水解常数大小顺序一致.竞争吸附结果表明,水中存在Pb~(2+)时,其余3种离子的吸附都会被抑制,尤其对Zn~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的抑制更显著,即在钛酸钠填料上Pb~(2+)的竞争吸附能力最强,Cu~(2+)次之,而Zn~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的竞争吸附能力较弱,其吸附过程容易受到其他二价金属离子的抑制.     

哈尔滨城市林业示范基地春季可燃物含水率动态研究

主要针对2011年冬季黑龙江省哈尔滨市地区降水过少而2012年春季极度干旱对森林可燃物含水率的影响进行研究。对在2011—2013年冬季反常气候影响下的黑龙江哈尔滨城市林业示范基地的樟子松、胡桃楸、白桦、蒙古栎林下可燃物含水率的动态变化进行了定点检测,并通过细致的分析发现随着气象条件的变化,不同森林可燃物含水率呈现出不同的变化趋势：樟子松林下可燃物含水率相比之下一直很高,胡桃楸林下可燃物含水率一直非常稳定,对环境条件的变化反映不太明显,而蒙古栎林下可燃物则处于中间,白桦林下可燃物对气象因子的变化最为敏感,上下波动很大。根据监测获得的数据对不同森林可燃物含水率和气象因子的关系进行了多元线性回归分析,并在符合一定条件的前提下建立了相对应的含水率预测模型,由于数据较少等原因,所得模型准确性有待验证,但是这也为哈尔滨城市林业示范基地森林含水率的预测奠定了基础。     

酸改性活性炭在重金属与氨氮废水处理中的应用

重金属以及氨氮是造成水体污染的重要物质,在对水体重金属以及氨氮的去除方法中,活性炭吸附法有一定的进展.本文参照常见的酸类物质如硝酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、柠檬酸和其他酸性物质对活性炭改性去除重金属和氨氮的研究,综述了各种酸改性的机理和对活性炭的影响,定性地比较了活性炭在各种酸改性后的去除能力.总结了对酸性改性活性炭在去除重金属和氨氮应用中的发展方向和前景,对于日后用酸性废水改性活性炭以达到以废治废的功效有着指导、借鉴作用.