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Jean-Luc de Kok Guy Engelen Roger White Herman G. Wind 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2001,6(2):123-132
RaMCo is a prototype version of a decision-support system for coastal-zone management. The model is based on the findings of a multidisiciplinary research program, conducted in Southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia. Different management strategies can be compared on the basis of the short- and long-term consequences. Land-use change has been included in RaMCo in view of the impacts of land-based human activities on the marine environment. The key aspect of the model is a combination of the temporal dynamics of land-use change on the regional (macro-level) scale and spatial dynamics on the local (micro-level) scale. Constrained cellular automata are used to integrate both scale levels. The state changes of the cells depend on the consistency with the macro-scale model, local geographical conditions, and interaction with neighboring cells. In this paper, we discuss the underlying theoretical assumptions of the macro-scale and micro-scale models, some characteristic results for land-use change in the study area, and the validation problem. 相似文献
63.
Guy F. Simes John S. Harrington 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):431-436
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has implemented a rigorous quality assurance (QA) program to ensure that the performance data generated during their Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Demonstration projects are of known and adequate quality to support decisions to use such technologies for hazardous waste site characterizations or remediations. A general overview of the ways in which this QA program has been conducted and of the results it has produced is presented. 相似文献
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Guy Cowlishaw 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,45(1):67-77
This paper investigates the determinants of individual spacing behaviour in a desert baboon population (Papio cynocephalus ursinus). Patterns of neighbour proximity and neighbour density were examined among adults in four groups under different ecological
and social conditions (through instantaneous sampling during focal follows). Initial analysis of these data shows that (1)
the use of vertical substrates (refuges such as tall trees and cliff faces) can confound patterns of spacing, and (2) individual
differences in spacing can depend on the spatial scale over which it is measured. To minimise these substrate and scale effects,
this analysis focuses on animals which are off refuges and examines spacing behaviour through its underlying statistical `dimensions'
(identified through factor analysis). Analysis of these dimensions indicates that sex, group size, activity-habitat and female
reproductive state can all have independent effects on spacing: (1) males are more dispersed than females in smaller groups,
(2) male and female dispersion increases with time spent in foraging habitats, and (3) female dispersion is reduced during
lactation. According to the hypotheses tested, these results indicate that feeding competition only affects spacing behaviour
during foraging while predation risk plays little or no role in spacing. Most aspects of spacing behaviour are best explained
by male reproductive strategies and their social repercussions.
Received: 25 May 1998 / Accepted after revision: 18 July 1998 相似文献
67.
Christopher M. Raymond Ioan Fazey Mark S. Reed Lindsay C. Stringer Guy M. Robinson Anna C. Evely 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(8):1766-1777
This paper evaluates the processes and mechanisms available for integrating different types of knowledge for environmental management. Following a review of the challenges associated with knowledge integration, we present a series of questions for identifying, engaging, evaluating and applying different knowledges during project design and delivery. These questions are used as a basis to compare three environmental management projects that aimed to integrate knowledge from different sources in the United Kingdom, Solomon Islands and Australia. Comparative results indicate that integrating different types of knowledge is inherently complex – classification of knowledge is arbitrary and knowledge integration perspectives are qualitatively very different. We argue that there is no single optimum approach for integrating local and scientific knowledge and encourage a shift in science from the development of knowledge integration products to the development of problem-focussed, knowledge integration processes. These processes need to be systematic, reflexive and cyclic so that multiple views and multiple methods are considered in relation to an environmental management problem. The results have implications for the way in which researchers and environmental managers undertake and evaluate knowledge integration projects. 相似文献
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Use of hydra for chronic toxicity assessment of waters intended for human consumption 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Arkhipchuk VV Blaise C Malinovskaya MV 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,142(2):200-211
Methods developed with the cnidarian, Hydra attenuata (Pallas), have proven effective for screening acute toxicity in aqueous samples, whereas their use in revealing (sub)chronic toxic effects have had mitigated success. We therefore sought to explore manifestations of hydra mortality and abnormal morphological changes, as well as the reproductive capacity of hydras to further enhance the bioassay sensitivity and to assess (sub)chronic toxicity. These parameters were recorded following the onset of experiments after 8, 12 and 19-21 days of hydra exposure. Results obtained with potable waters (30 brands of bottled waters and artesian waters from 9 wells) showed chronic sublethal and lethal effects or reproduction rate inhibition for most samples. The effectiveness of the hydra toxicity test was demonstrated in comparison with other widely used bioassays. Our previous and present investigations suggest that hydra is a reliable and relevant test organism for the assessment of acute and chronic water toxicity. 相似文献
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