首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   17455篇
  免费   146篇
  国内免费   113篇
安全科学   410篇
废物处理   660篇
环保管理   1937篇
综合类   5351篇
基础理论   3625篇
环境理论   4篇
污染及防治   4156篇
评价与监测   883篇
社会与环境   625篇
灾害及防治   63篇
  2018年   207篇
  2017年   192篇
  2016年   291篇
  2015年   220篇
  2014年   321篇
  2013年   1178篇
  2012年   377篇
  2011年   524篇
  2010年   497篇
  2009年   564篇
  2008年   580篇
  2007年   612篇
  2006年   537篇
  2005年   471篇
  2004年   510篇
  2003年   462篇
  2002年   441篇
  2001年   621篇
  2000年   418篇
  1999年   285篇
  1998年   206篇
  1997年   197篇
  1996年   197篇
  1995年   235篇
  1994年   242篇
  1993年   207篇
  1992年   226篇
  1991年   232篇
  1990年   255篇
  1989年   229篇
  1988年   184篇
  1987年   181篇
  1986年   183篇
  1985年   180篇
  1984年   201篇
  1983年   193篇
  1982年   198篇
  1981年   209篇
  1980年   169篇
  1979年   181篇
  1978年   147篇
  1977年   141篇
  1974年   147篇
  1973年   147篇
  1968年   156篇
  1967年   184篇
  1966年   154篇
  1965年   148篇
  1964年   151篇
  1963年   139篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
961.
The Management Systems Review is an important component of EPA’s quality assurance program. MSRs enable managers to assess the effectiveness of environmental data operations and the quality assurance/ quality control activities designed to ensure that the results are of the expected quality. These reviews inform managers about aspects of the environmental data operation that are working well and those which may warrant some improvement. A recent review of the Superfund remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) has shown that the MSR is an excellent tool for providing a systematic definition of complex environmental data operations and for enabling a thorough analysis of these operations. The MSR utilized information gathered from interviews of Regional staff and management and from case studies of recently completed RI/FSs. The findings indicated that environmental data play an important role in most RI/FS decisions and that thorough and structured scoping is critical to the effectiveness of the RI/ FS. Analysis of the RI/FS process using a comprehensive flow model identified several opportunities for changes that may increase efficiency in data collection and the reliability of RI/FS decisions. These changes provide for more effective scoping activities, a streamlined feasibility study, and increased use of treatability studies during the RI. A pilot demonstration of these process changes is being planned for a Regional RI/FS.  相似文献   
962.
963.
964.
Abstract

Synthetic polymers reach municipal landfills as components of products such as waste household paints, packaging films, storage containers, carpet fibers, and absorbent sanitary products. Some polymers in consumer products that reach landfills are designed to photodegrade or biodegrade. This article examines the significance of degradable polymers in management of solid waste in municipal landfills. Most landfills are not designed to photodegrade or biodegrade solid waste. Landfill disposal of stable polymers such as polyacrylics and polyethylenes is not associated with significant polymer degradation or mobility. Stability to photodegradation and biodegradation is an advantage when municipal landfills are used for disposal of polymer products as solid waste. Use of landfill disposal can be a responsible means to manage polymer waste and can be part of an overall waste management plan which includes source reduction, recycling, reuse, composting, and waste-to-energy incineration.  相似文献   
965.
Abstract

Acidic sulfate concentrations were measured in metropolitan Philadelphia during the summers of 1992 and 1993, as part of a continuing effort to characterize particle concentrations in urban environments. Sampling was performed simultaneously at eight sites located within and around metropolitan Philadelphia. Sites were selected based on their population density and on their distance and direction from the city center. Air pollution sampling was conducted every other day during the summer of 1992 and every day during the summer of 1993. All samples were collected for 24-h periods beginning at 9 a.m. (EDT). All acidic sulfate and ammonia samples were collected using modified Harvard-EPA Annular Denuder Systems (HEADS).

In this paper, we examine the spatial variation in acidic sulfate and ammonia concentrations within the metropolitan Philadelphia area. We also identify factors that may influence their variation and develop models to predict their concentrations. Outdoor sulfate (SO4 2?) concentrations were uniform within metropolitan Philadelphia; however, aerosol strong acidity (H+) concentrations varied spatially. This variation generally was independent of wind direction, but was related to local factors, such as the NH3 concentration, population density, and distance from the center of the city. Physico-chemical models, which were developed using data collected during the summer of 1992, were excellent predictors of 24-h and mean summertime H+ concentrations measured during the summer of 1993. Models accounted for 78% of the variation in 24-h H+ levels. Results suggest that a single stationary ambient (SAM) monitor would be sufficient to estimate SO4 2? exposures for populations living in Philadelphia. For H+, however, multiple monitoring sites or models should be used to determine the outdoor H+ exposures of populations living in urban environments, although a single SAM site may provide an excellent index of H+ variation over time.  相似文献   
966.
Abstract

Daily atmospheric concentrations of sulfate collected at six locations in the northeastern United States are regressed against meteorological factors, ozone, seasonal cycles, and time in order to determine if a significant trend in sulfate can be detected. The data used in this analysis were collected during the Sulfate Regional Experiment (SURE, 1977-1978) and the Eulerian Model Evaluation Field Study (EMEFS, 1988-1989). Ozone, specific humidity, and seasonal terms (reflecting the potential of the atmosphere for oxidation of sulfur dioxide) emerged as important explanatory variables. After accounting for the variability explained by environmental factors, the median estimated change in sulfate concentration from the six locations over the 11-year period is -22% (or -28% if ozone is not used as an explanatory variable). Although there are wide variations among locations, these changes are commensurate with an estimated 25% decline in sulfur emissions in the northeastern U.S. during the same period. These analyses provide insight into methods for detecting reductions in sulfate that may be expected to occur as a result of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Uncertainties in the estimates, with consideration of serial correlation in the data, imply a minimum detectable reduction of 10% using this modeling procedure with similar data availability.  相似文献   
967.
In an earlier paper, major commercially available incinerator technologies designed to treat dilute waste gas streams containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were described in a qualitative comparison. In addition, a simplified procedure was outlined through which important sizing parameters could be calculated given certain information about the waste gas. This paper describes the use of these parameters in developing a study (±30percent) cost estimate for the total capital investment and the total annual costs incurred in treating a waste stream of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). An illustrative problem used in the former paper is completed here in order to contrast some of the economic differences between thermal and catalytic incinerator systems.  相似文献   
968.
969.
Direct inlet gas chromatography (GC) is becoming one of the most frequently used techniques for measurement of volatile organics in air. Although GC is an effective tool, its usefulness as a field method can be limited by retention times of several minutes or more, and by the limits of detection. In order to address these issues, a high speed GC system featuring a capillary cold trap inlet and variable speed electrometeramplifier was developed and tested.

The gas cooled inlet was used to collect and focus organic vapors from injection volumes of up to 1 ml. Resistance heating of the metal cold trap produced a narrow injection band that allowed simple separations to be completed in 5 to 20 seconds. Use of a variable speed electrometer-amplifier allowed the response time and noise suppression characteristics to be adjusted to the needs of the specific analysis.

Simple mixtures of organics including aromatics, alkanes and chlorinated hydrocarbons were separated in 20 seconds or less. The limits of detection for 13 test compounds ranged from less than 1 part per billion by volume (ppbv) to about 50 ppbv. Data presented here indicate that high speed GC using a cold trap inlet may be a feasible approach for near real-time measurement of volatile organics in ambient air.  相似文献   
970.
The California Air Resources Board (ARB) completed a series of source tests of eight operating biomedical waste incinerators (BMWI) under conditions of typical operation. The emissions of certain metals, and chlorinated dioxins and furans in the flue gases of BMWI are relatively high in comparison to emissions from other combustion sources, such as hazardous waste or municipal waste incinerators of modern design. This study reports on an analysis of the status of the existing regulatory framework and the California data base. Clarification of definitional issues at the federal level is needed to effectively treat BMWI management issues. Although few relationships among combustion parameters and emissions were uncovered, patterns of emissions were evident, suggesting commonality and relationships among the waste stream constituents and emissions. Potential implications for future research, operation of BMWI, controls and source reduction and waste segregation strategies are also discussed.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号